Phptograph of a Roman pottery jar decorated with a human face

Half a million years for you to discover

London Landscapes

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INTERPRETING THE LONDON RHINEBECK PANORAMA

Detail of a painted panorama, showing a busy bridge across the river. Below, numerous boats and ships are moored in the river, and to the left is the city packed with houses and grand buildings.

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'The Rhinebeck Panorama', 19th century (detail)

The Rhinebeck Panorama of London is a very mysterious item. We do not know the name of the artist, the story of its creation, or even why it was made. Curator Alex Werner throws some light on this fascinating work.

Detail from painted panorama, showing a church spire with black smoke billowing out.

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'The Rhinebeck Panorama', 19th century (detail)

A panoramic history

This remarkable watercolour panorama of London was discovered lining a barrel of pistols in Rhinebeck, New York in 1941. How it came to be there is a mystery though it seems probable that Robert Havell Jr (engraver of Audobon's famous "Birds of America") took the panorama to New York in 1839. It was acquired by the Museum with help from the National Heritage Lottery Fund, the National Art Collections Fund and MGC/V&A Purchase Grant Fund.

The word 'panorama' (Greek: 'all embracing view') was coined in 1791 to describe huge 360-degree paintings that were exhibited in specially designed buildings. Paintings and buildings were so devised as to create the illusion of reality. The eye was fooled, and the visitor experienced the sensation of actually standing in the scene depicted. "The Rhinebeck Panorama" is unquestionably related to this popular phenomenon. It may be one of the watercolour views of the principal cities of Europe exhibited in London in 1809 and displayed 'upon the principle of Panoramas by mechanical and optical aid, illuminated by gas lights'.

Detail from painted panorama. A rowing boat with covered cabin delivers important visitors to a sailing ship.

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'The Rhinebeck Panorama', 19th century (detail)

Displaying all of London life

The panorama conveys, with astonishing topographical detail, the drama of life in bustling 19th century London:

  • a building on fire
  • a funeral procession
  • carriages and carts crossing London Bridge
  • soldiers on the march
  • a man flying a kite

The work invites us to imagine that we are viewing the great metropolis from a balloon above the Thames, midway between Bermondsey and St Katharine's close by the Tower of London. Beyond is London Bridge, and below, the Pool of London, crowded as ever with colliers transporting coal, brigs, sailing barges, the London Assurance Company's Fire Engine, several warships and a ceremonial barge.

As our eyes move across the scene, Southwark and Lambeth will shortly be beneath us on the left, and the City of London on our right, and minutes later the streets and landmarks of Westminster. After that we will pass over the West London suburbs of Battersea and Chelsea, and then over villages such as Fulham, Hammersmith and Kew. Eventually, perhaps, we will touch down at Windsor, which can be spied on the horizon.

Alex Werner
Department of Later London History and Collections, Museum of London
February 2003

For more information...

Visit the Museum to see...

The Rhinebeck panorama on display in the World City galleries

On the Internet...

The World City galleries website

US Library of Congress page on photographic panoramas

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