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at London Wall  

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Discovering the army
at London Wall

Black and white close-up photograph of a stone wall with 2 stripes of thin bricks running through Magnifing glass image

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Largest surviving section of the Roman city walls, still 2.5m high

Archaeologists in the 1950s discovered Londinium's fort. You can still see part of it by the Museum of London on London Wall.

 
Map showing the city walls containing a grid of roads and a network of roads radiating out. The river was much wider then than it is now, and had marshes and islands along both banks. The fort is marked adjoining the north-western corner of the city walls. Magnifing glass image

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Map of Londinium

What did the fort look like?

The 1950s excavation showed that the fort was shaped like a playing card. Most Roman forts are this shape. It had a tower at each corner and a gate in the middle of each side. The walls were strengthened with an earth bank on the inside that had a walkway around the top for the soldiers to patrol. Archaeologists found evidence of the barrack blocks where the soldiers lived, and of the roads running through the fort. There were workshops for making and mending equipment, store rooms and space for exercise and practice drills.

 
Photograph of three uniformed and armed members of the Ermine Street Guard standing in front of the Roman wall Magnifing glass image

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Standing guard at the fort, re-enactment

What was the fort for?

The Romans didn't built the fort just to defend the town. The main reason was to provide somewhere for the soldiers to live. Roman soldiers always lived in their own camps, away from the people in the towns.

 
Photograph of man in uniform of a legionary with red tunic, articulated body and shoulder armour, polished bronze helmet, painted shield and spear

The army: soldiers - and road builders!

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Evidence of the army

Photograph of a masonry wall with a parallel ditch in front. One archaeologist sits to the right with a clipboard, the other stands behind the wall

Archaeology in action

Illustration showing aerial view over city from north west, with fort in the foreground

Discovering the army: in detail