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Discovering beliefs: in detail
at Walbrook

Photograph of a carved stone man's head, with curly hair and a high narrow cap. His eyes look up and away. Magnifing glass image

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Sculpture of Mithras from the Mithraic temple, Walbrook

The excavation of the temple of Mithras can tell us something about the cult and what its followers believed.

 
Map showing the city walls containing a grid of roads and a network of roads radiating out. The river was much wider then than it is now, and had marshes and islands along both banks. The Walbrook Stream is shown running south through the centre of the city. The Temple is marked just to the north of the modern Southwark Bridge. Magnifing glass image

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Map of Londinium

What did the archaeologists find?

Among the most impressive sculptures were some fine marble sculptures. Some were carved from Carrara marble and probably made in Italy, others were made on stone from Proconnesus, Turkey. The type of Mithraism followed in Britain probably came from Rome. The sculptures' quality suggests that the cult's followers had access to wealth.

The sculptures had been deliberately buried in the temple floor. Mithras's followers may have done this to protect them, or because another cult began to use the temple.

What do the sculptures represent?

One shows Mithras killing a bull. Mithras's followers believed that the bull's flowing blood created everlasting life. Another shows Serapis, lord of the dead, and a third is of Mercury who guided spirits on their last journey. These suggest that Mithras's followers believed in the afterlife.

 
Line drawing of a small octagonal building with an arched doorway on one side and small windows cut into alternate sides. The central section of the roof is raised on a wall with a second set of windows. Magnifing glass image

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Small temple excavated on the site of the Old Bailey, artist's reconstruction

What happened to the temple?

The temple was no longer used to worship Mithras after about AD350. It was rededicated to the cult of Bacchus, the god of wine. Archaeologists found a sculpture of Bacchus under the building's final floor.

 
Photograph of a carved stone man's head, with curly hair and a high narrow cap. His eyes look up and away.

Beliefs: gods for every occasion

Lead curse

Evidence of beliefs

Photograph of a masonry wall with a parallel ditch in front. One archaeologist sits to the right with a clipboard, the other stands behind the wall

Archaeology in action

Photograph of a bearded older man's head, sculpted in marble

Discovering beliefs