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Evidence of trade and transport: in detail

Photograph of an archaeologist in a deep trench. He is kneeling and looking down at the three large lead ingots still set into the ground in the foreground

Discovering the three lead ingots or ‘pigs' by the Roman waterfront

Archaeologists found this lead 'pig' (ingot) under the floor of a Roman warehouse building on the bank of the River Thames. Three ingots were found, buried in a hollow side by side. Each one is 60cm long (two Roman feet) and they weigh about 70 kg each.

 
Photograph of the three lead ingots with the inscription in the top face clearly legible Magnifing glass image

Enlarge image

The three Roman lead ingots or ‘pigs' from Regis House

Two of the ingots are inscribed 'IMP VESPASIAN AUG' which means they were the property of the Emperor Vespasian (AD69-79). On the side, the inscription 'BRIT EX ARG VEB' means they have come from the British lead- silver mines. The ingots were probably mined, smelted and cast into moulds in the Mendip hills.

Any metal found in any province of the Roman empire was the property of the state. These lead ingots are the first to be found in Londinium and suggest that lead may have been exported from here. However, archaeologists are unsure why these heavy ingots were buried under a warehouse floor.

 
Photograph of two walls of massive timbers interlocking to make a right-angled corner. An archaeologist crouches in the foreground at the foot of the wall measuring it.

Discovering trade and transport

Line and wash illustration. A blank disc of metal is placed on a form resting on a large block of wood. One man sits to the left holding a second form to shape the top side of the coin. On the right a second man stands and prepares to strike the top form with a hammer.

Trade and transport: crafty links

Photograph of a masonry wall with a parallel ditch in front. One archaeologist sits to the right with a clipboard, the other stands behind the wall

Archaeology in action

Line and wash drawing of a single-masted boat with a square rigged sail. The hull of the boat is built of overlapping timber planks. Part of the deck is cut away to make a ‘well' deeper than the height of the man who stands in it looking at the heaped cargo.

Evidence of trade and transport