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Evidence of invasion and settlement

Photograph of an archaeologist crouching over a layer of bricks with a trowel and hand shovel, clearing soil from the floor. To the right a black charred layer is visible.

An archaeologist at work excavating brickwork which is covered by a black layer of burnt material

This picture shows a collapsed wall. It is from a Roman building burnt down by Boudica's army in AD60.

The bright red colour is burnt brick. The Romans made bricks out of mud or clay which goes red when it is burnt, like firing a clay pot. The black areas you can see are the burnt cinders of other materials such as wood.

 
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Discovering invasion and settlement

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Invasion and settlement: the first city

Photograph of a masonry wall with a parallel ditch in front. One archaeologist sits to the right with a clipboard, the other stands behind the wall

Archaeology in action

Photograph of a woman in a white coat sitting to the left of a table. Resting on the table is a sheet of black foam and a section of mosaic. The underside of all the different sized pieces are visible, all coloured beige by the remains of mortar.

Evidence of invasion and settlement: in detail