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at 168 Fenchurch Street

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Discovering invasion and settlement
at 168 Fenchurch Street

Photograph showing a large archaeological site, with seven people at work recording details, under a temporary roof.  Rough concrete walls surround the site, indicating that they are working in the old foundations of a large building. Magnifing glass image

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View of the excavations

Archaeology is good at showing how things change over a long period of time. But archaeologists don't usually find evidence for specific events. However, archaeologists in London have found clear evidence of what happened in AD60.

 
Map showing the city walls containing a grid of roads and a network of roads radiating out. The river was much wider then than it is now, and had marshes and islands along both banks. The Fenchurch Street site is marked just north of London Bridge. Magnifing glass image

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Map of Londinium

In 1999 archaeologists dug a site at 168 Fenchurch Street. They found lots of evidence building work between AD50 - 60. That's the time when the Romans were creating the first Londinium.

On top of this was a layer about 80 cm deep. There was burnt brick with black cinders and ashes on top. This was evidence of a brick building destroyed by fire. It dated from the time when Boudica's army burnt down Londinium. There is similar evidence from other places in Londinium.

They also found evidence for new buildings. After the fire the town was rebuilt, bigger and better than before.

There isn't much evidence of Londoners being killed during Boudica's revolt. This suggests that most people had time to get away.

 
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Invasion and settlement: the first city

Photograph of an archaeologist crouching over a layer of bricks with a trowel and hand shovel, clearing soil from the floor. To the right a black charred layer is visible.

Evidence of invasion and settlement

Photograph of a masonry wall with a parallel ditch in front. One archaeologist sits to the right with a clipboard, the other stands behind the wall

Archaeology in action

Photograph of several archaeologists at work in deep trenches between concrete pillars that hold up the modern building. Yellow cables for work lights trail all over the site.

Discovering invasion and settlement: in detail