St. Botolph Billingsgate cemetery summary

Five of them had hair present on the head. There was also a sealed 15th-century vault, containing the remains of a man and a woman, but these are not included in the study presented here.

Preservation

The human skeletal remains were extremely well preserved (Table 1).

Degree of completeness: information is pending until a more representative sample size has been recorded.

Preservation	N=	%
Good	8	72.7
Medium	3	27.3
Poor	0	0

Table 1 skeletal completeness

Demography

Of 12 individuals so far recorded only two were sub-adults (Table 2, Fig 1). Of 10 adults, only one was female and the others male (Table 3, Fig 2).

Figure 1 Age distribution (N=11)

Age	N=	%
Perinatal	0	0.0
1-6 month	0	0.0
7-11 month	0	0.0
1-5 years	1	9.1
6-11 years	1	9.1
12-17 years	0	0.0
18-25 years	3	27.3
26-35 years	2	18.2
36-45 years	2	18.2
>46 years	2	18.2
Adult	0	0.0
Sub adult	0	0.0

Table 2 Age distribution (N=11)

Figure 2 Adult male and female distribution (N=9)

	All adults	%	Male	%	Female	%
18-25 years	3	33.3	3	37.5	0	0.0
26-35 years	2	22.2	2	25.0	0	0.0
36-45 years	2	22.2	2	25.0	0	0.0
>46 years	2	22.2	1	12.5	1	100.0
Uassigned Adults	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	9		8		1

Table 3 Male and female distribution by age in the adult population

Stature

No females had measurable bones for stature calculation (Table 4).

Sex	Avg_stat	SD	VAR	MIN	MAX	N
Female						0
Male	169.9	12.0	143.4	152.8	179.0	4
Unsexed						0

Table 4 Stature estimation from femoral length

Pathology

Few pathological conditions have yet been recorded for this small sample.This will be updated in due course.

Pathology table for St Botoloph Billingsgate (Word 28kb)

Vertebral pathology

This section is in course of development (further recording pending).

	All adults	Male	Female
	N	n	%	N	n	%	N	n	%
Osteoarthritis
Osteophytosis
IVD
Schmorl's nodes
Fusion

Table 5 Distribution of vertebral pathology by sex in adults with one or more vertebrae present