CEMETERY|SITECODE|PERIOD|LU_INT|E_DATE|L_DATE|CONTEXT|SEX|AGE|PATH_GROUP|DISEASE|PATHOLOGY|COMMENTS|PBR Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1200|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Craniofacial abnormality|Eyes sockets were very enlarged in height measuring 45mm with a width of 41mm.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1200|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Bilateral congenital fusion of the 5th DPJ.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1200|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|1st MTPJ of R foot, sesamoid, L rib facet on T11. Eburnation present on the central ridge of the R MTPJ surface in plantar view of MT1. One unsided sesamoid displayed marked eburnation on the articulating surface with mild grroving present. The R rib facet of T11 had eburnation. The T9-10 further displayed pronounced lipping on the right side though not fused the lipping formed an artificial joint.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1200|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Other|Ankylosis|Bilateral annkylosis of the sacroilliac joint along the superior border of the retroauricular surface.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1200|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1200|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1200|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|well healed but poorly reduced fracture of the R FEMUR. Healed poorly reduced fracture was present on the shaft approx. 146mm from the head on the R femur. the healing had caused shortning and distortion of the leg. Compared to the L femur a shorning of 58mm had occured. The point of injury had an overlap of 56mm with marked new bone formation to distal of the trauma. The proximal aspect of the femur was skewed in an anterior direction causing an angle of the femur at the point of injury. the injury did not appear to have affected the joints and there was no evidence of athrophy.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1400|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1400|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1500|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Kyphosis|Slight reduction of anterior vertebral body height of t 7-9. This may be due to forced posture following the trauma of the R leg (see above). Use of crutches may have caused a forward bent posture which may explain the slight kyphosis of the spine. OA was present in the neck likewise suggesting strain of the spine and neck.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1500|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Erosive Arthropathy|Gout|Possible Gout??. Scooped out lesions present along the margins of the distal articulation. No remodelling was present. The L MT1 did not display scooped out lesions but appeared to display remodelling along the joint margins and a marked degree of porosity on the plantar aspect of the distal joint surface. Porosity, however, appeared consistent throughout the skeleton, which had a pummice like surface texture and a very light feel to it.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1500|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|Rupture of the soft tissue occured iliofemoral ligament causing spicular bone formation around the area of trauma| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1500|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1500|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1500|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|POSSIBLE PIPE FACET ON R MAND C AND I2| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1500|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Healed Fracture of R femoral neck. Poorly reduced causing shortening of the femur by ~50mm compared to the L leg. The fracture occured diagonally (oblique) causing displacement of the femoral head during healing process. The neck and head healed in a posterior direction. The R tibia was curved in a lateral direction with angulation of the joint sloping in a lateral direction, probably due to change of gait after the injury. The R hip and knee joint were only affected to a minimal degree with sight marginal lipping present. Marked enthesopathies were present on both tibial tuberosities. The Humerie displayed marked muscle attachments by pectoralis majo, deltoid and latissimus dorsi.Both the ulnae and the radii were very angulated and flattened. Enthesopathies were present on the olecranon of the L ulna. These changes may indicate the use of crutches. Due to the marked assymetry of the femora this is very likely.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2300|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2300|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1052|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Diffuse OA (Eburnation). Bilaterally the prox. MC1 had advanced eburnation with marked grooving and deformation of the joint situated on the palmar portion. Extensive lipping and pitting was likewise present on the remaining parts of the joint particularly on the R MC1. The distal portion of the prox phlanges were also affected both joints of the intermediate phalanges and the prox joint of the distal phalanges. The medial portion of the right distal femur and prox medial tibia likewise exhibited extensive eburnation with grooved wear along the posterior portion of the femur and along the anterior medial portion of the proximal tibia.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1052|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|R Lesser trochanter: smooth triangular bony protuberance extending the lesser trochanter in a mesial direction (the bony projecting in a proximal anterior direction). probably caused by tear of the psoas major and illiacus.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1052|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1052|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1052|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|L MT5: fine transverse hairline fracture on the proximal portion of the articulation with the MT4. bony nodules and lipping have developed in response to the fracture which appears to have caused a fracture across the entire bone as repair can be seen on the lateral portion in form of swelling and bony nodules. very slight pitting is present on the dorsal view in area of healing.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1055|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|Evidence of severing was present as a tranverse cut along ossified costal cartilage cut on left side of manubrium. the cut was very clean and there was no visible evidence of saw marks or any "slip" marks along the cut. On the left side there was no ossified cartilage which may explain why not cut marks were present here. None of the ribs on the right side displayed any evidence of severing. The Left ribs were completely absent as was the skull, humerus, cervical and thoracic vertebrae. it is not unlikely that these were removed during a post-mortem process.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1055|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Active perisoteal fine new woven bone on the visceral surface of the R ribs. the new bone was situated on the cortical surface at the sternal end. L ribs were not present for observation.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1055|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Infectious|Specific Infection|Treponematosis (Treponema sp.)|Possible trepanematosis based on the distribution pattern. Skull missing. Distribution pattern of infection suggested a possible trepanomal infection. Evidence of infection was noted on the posterior central shaft of the R clavicle, anterior distal shaft of R radius, central anterior shaft of L ulna, circumferentially on the central and distal shafts of both femora and shaft of both tibiae and fibulae. The changes did not reveal the typical "snail track" patterns expected in treponomal diseases. The Infections in general were relatively mild with moderate swelling and pitted striated bone integrated into the original cortex suggesting a healed infection. A secondary and active infection was present on the tibiae and fibulae in form of fine woven and pitted bone overlying the original cortex and the previous infection. This was particularly pronounced on the shaft of the fibulae where large areas laterally and posterior were covered in new bone formation. On the tibiae these were present in smaller defined patches on the distal lateral aspect of the shafts.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1055|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1055|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1058|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Infectious|Other Infection|Other (Infectious - Miscellaneous)|labyrinthine bony reactions along the grooves for the sagittal suture on the parietals and the transverse sinuses in the occipital bone on the endo cranial portion of the skull Extensive remodelling had taken place.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1058|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1058|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1061|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1061|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1116|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|fine layer of pitted periosteal reaction overlying the original cortex on the medial lower 1/3 of the L tibia. This appears as a very localised active periosteal reaction.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1116|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|4 (Foramina have linked into a trabecular structure)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1116|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|4 (Foramina have linked into a trabecular structure)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1119|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Rib infection. Dense layer of pitted porous perisoteal bone growth present on the head of three ribs, of which two are left and one unidentified. The reaction appears to have been active at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1119|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1119|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1120|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|R FEMORAL HEAD & ACETABULUM: Extensive eburnation covering the superior and anterior portion of the femoral head. The surface of the acetabulum was completely eburnated. Both surfaces display widespread fine pitting.. Extensive lipping present on the superior and lateral portion of the femoral head. Plaque like bony formation was present on the superior neck of the femur. The OA was unilateral with no evidence of it being secondary. The leg did not appear atrophied. The left triquetral likewise exhibited eburnation on the articulation with the pisiform and the hamate. A large lesion smooth rounded lesion was present on the lunate view form the triquetral. It was not clear whether this was a normal variation or an actual lytic lesion.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1120|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1120|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1121|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 7-11 MONTHS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Active rickets: Changes of the growth plates in the radii, ulnae, femora and tibiae, displayed distinct flaring as well as erosive lesion. Cupping apparent in the ulnae and angulation of the distal tibiae present. Both ulnae were encased in sequestra (new bone growth) along the proximal half of the shaft. The ribs displayed flaring of the sternal end and destruction of the growth plate. No obvious swelling present. None of the long bones exhibited the classic bowing seen in rickets. The femoral heads were shortened and flattened in a medial lateral view. The orbital roof show layers of periosteal bone growth along the supraorbital ridge. The frontal area displayed a build up of porous bone on either side of the metopic suture. The pars lateralis likewise appeared to be very porous on the inferior portion. Further porosity was present on the left petrous above the auditory meatus.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1121|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 7-11 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|5 (Outgrowth in trabecular form from the outer table surface)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1121|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 7-11 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|5 (Outgrowth in trabecular form from the outer table surface)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1122|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|L FEMUR & TIBIA: possible layer of periosteal bone growth overlying the cortex on the left femur and tibia, on the femur this was present on the dist anterior poriton of the shaft and on the tibia mainly on the posterior and lateral portion of the shaft. though this was likely to be postmorem erosion??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1122|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1122|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1123|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|The L5 displayed marked asymmetrical eburnation of the L inferior facet, articulating with the S1, This asymmetry may have been caused by the asymmetry in the sacrum which appeared almost twisted in an anterior direction to the right side. When re-articulated the L5 appeared to have mainly articulated with the l inferior facet. Whether this caused pressure in the spine further up and instigated the marked degenerative wear of the neck is unclear?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1123|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Bilateral eburnation of the 1st proximal and distal phalangeal joint. Eburnation situated on the medial border with lipping along the superior border. Further eburnation was present on the hamate articulation with the lunate.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1123|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|Possible osteoporosis/osteopenia: The sectioned L3-4 display a very coarse trabecular structure. The ribs were very friable. There was no collapse of the vertebrae present or other fracture patterns associated with OP.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1123|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1123|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1124|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|residual rickets: Marked anterior bowing of obth femora with flattening in a mediolateral direction (most pronounced in the right femur). The tibiae were S-shaped with marked mediolateral flattening.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1124|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1124|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1124|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|Activity related wear on all decidious canines, could it possibly be pipe facets???| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1125|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Scoliosis|Marked reduction of lateral vertebral body height was present in T1-2, causing a right lateral curvature of the spine. Lipping was present as well as degenerative wear on the facets prob. caused by the scoliosis. the left ribs in the region of T1-2 were slightly more angulated with a sharper angle than the right side. T12 displayed deep superior facets encaplsuling the inferior facets of T11 further fragments displayed a similar phenomena| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1125|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|OA of R elbow joint: Eurnation present on the R humeroradial joint on the anterior portion of the humerus and medial portion of the radius. The R humeroulnar joint displayed marked lipping along all margins but no eburnation. Extra bone formation was present in both olocraneon fossae of the humeri.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1125|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Neoplastic|Neoplastic General|Metastatic carcinoma (osteoblastic)|Diffuse trabecular lytic lesions with visible destruction of the cortex in areas including left ribs, spinous processes of T6 and L2 as well as S. Lytic lesions penetrating the cortex were further present in the L illium, sacroiliac joint and possibly in the L scapula in area of infra-glenoid tubercle and manubrium. The lesions were small and irregular with no sclerotic margins. On the visceral surface of the heads of the right ribs was a dense layer of new periosteal bone growth with large affected by rounded destructive lesions of the new bony reactions without affecting the original cortex. It is unclear whether this reaction was related to the lytic lesions in the skeleton. The origin of the cancer was not clear though most commonly and effect of prostatic cancer, breast cancer or cancer of the lung, kidney or thyroid. The thyroid did display marked porous lesion but the reaction to the head of the ribs may suggest that this was concentrated in the lungs.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1125|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1125|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1125|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|BILATERAL PIPE FACETS SITUATED ON LATERAL INCISORS AND CANINES.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1125|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Possible very well healed fracture of right metacarples. The Bowing occured in a dorsal direction on the central shaft and was most prominent in the 2-4th MC, The MC displayed mediolateral narrowing. there was no direct eveidence of fracture lines and it is therefor possible this was a result of a childhood fracture or a congenital malformation? Rib fracture of false rib L side. Well healed on central portion of body.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1126|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|"POST MORTEM? COFFIN NAIL INSERTED (IDENTIFIED AS SUCH AS WOOD RESIDUE PRESENT ON NAIL) INTO THE LEFT PELVIS IMMIDIATELY ABOVE THE AURICULAR SURFACE."| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1126|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Scoliosis|right lateral collapse of vertebral body height on T10-12 with the most enstensive reduction in height on T11. extensive lipping present occuring from T8-L1.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1126|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|bilateral calcaneal notch present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1126|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1126|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1126|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Miscellaneous|Spondylolysis (bilateral)|bilateral spondylolisis of L5. spinous process not present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1126|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|well healed fracture of left mt5. trauma occured immidiately above the joint articulation with mt4, causing the distal portion of the bone to point in a plantar direction. pitting was present around the injury and slight swelling indicating that the fracture occured in a mediolateral direction across the bone.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1127|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|L ACROMION, L+R 1ST CMC JOINT, R TTRAPEZIUM: for L acrmion see rotator cuff disease. Both CMCJ were affected by eburnation situated along the palmar margin of the joint. Bony spurs protruded in a palmar direction and pitting was present. The Eburnation displated mediolateral grooving, most apparent in the L hand. All carpals appeared porous and pitted with some deformation and DJD of the joints.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1127|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Other|Rotator cuff disease|L arm (right joint not present). Marked eburnation present on the inferior surface of the apex of the left acromion. This matched the anterior aspect of the humerus in the area of the muscle attachment for the supraspinatus. The supraspinatus function is to draw the humerus towards the glenoid fossa but forcing it away from the acromion. This function must have failed as the humerus had clearly been articulating with the acromion for an extended period of time judging by the eburnation on the acromion.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1127|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|Mild kyphosis may have affected the spine though this is more likely to be degenerative than congenital. Possibly as a result from osteoporosis. Marked lipping was present on both sides of the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and anterior fusion was present on T4-6. The actual vertebral body height was not massively reduced but the ribs did display deformation and were almost S-shaped in appearance with pronounced inferior ridges which looked as is the ribs had been pushed together during life. The bones were very light and had a porous "feel" though the sectioned vertebra did not display any obvious reduction in the trabecular structure.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1127|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1127|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1127|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Pagets disease|Pronouced thickening of the skull . Skull thickness measured 11mm and was very dense an heavy. On the endocranial aspect was disorganised woven bone. Nodules of bone was present on the frontal bone on either side of the anterior crest, similar to those seen in the earlier stages of HFI. the groove for the superior sagittal sinus also showed dense woven bone and bony nodules. none of the post cranial skeleton or mandible displayed any of this density in fact the post cranial body appeared more osteoporotic. The mandible displayed complete ante mortem toothloss which is not uncommon with paget's disease. The ear ossicles were examined by Tania White (Queen Mary's university) who found that the stapes displayed some thickening. This has also previously been noted in individuals with paget's which may affect the petrous and the bones in the ear. Both temporal had dense nodular bone growth on the endocranial aspect.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1137|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|The humeri did not display any obvious changes but both the radii and the ulnae exhibited porous bone at the metaphyses and marked flaring to distal. The growth plates were concave with fine scooped lesions penetrating the surface. The mc1's had a lesion penetrating the bone at the growth plate and causing trabecular like structure to be exposed. The sternal ends of the ribs are affected with some degree of flaring and minimal swelling. The ends are again concave with irregular lesions eating into the bone. Both femurs display pronounced distal flaring and flattening, the growth plates of the femoral heads are flattened and on the right are further concave in appearance. The distal metaphyses are porous in appearance and show reduction of bone mass along the border of the growth plates. The tibia exhibited flaring in both the proximal and distal ends. The growth plates were slightly concave and displayed irregular penetrating lesions. The fibulae have a similar appearance.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1137|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin C Deficiency|Scurvy|The central portion along the supra orbital margin displayed fine porous bone overlying the original cortex. On the ecto-cranial skull built up areas of porous bone along the parietal portion articulating with the greater sphenoid wing. Porous build up of bone was further present along the inferior portion of the occipital bone posterior to the foramen magnum. There were no changes on the parietals endo or ecto cranially. The sphenoid body did not display any changes and the greater wing had no apparent changes though unfortunately poorly preserved. Abnormal porosity was apparent around the infra orbital foramen on maxilla, but poor preservation did not allow the extent of this to be confirmed. The pallet was very porous but unclear to what extent this was within the normal range? The teeth were in a poor condition and it appeared that the right 1st molar was lost ante mortem. The most extreme changes were seen in the mandible; sheets of porous bone had been laid down on both the outer and the inner table of the ramus around the mandibular foramen.The scapulae exhibit periosteal reactions around the supraspinatus fossa , whilst all other areas remained unaffected.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1137|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|5 (Outgrowth in trabecular form from the outer table surface)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1137|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|5 (Outgrowth in trabecular form from the outer table surface)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1139|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1139|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1141|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1141|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1141|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Total of 8 rib fractures: 5 well healed fractures present towards the sternal end of the ribs, on rib display 2 fractures (20mm apart).All displayed smooth swellling around the area of healing. 2 ribs were unhealed but diplayed signs of repair around the margins likewise situated towards the sternal end. 1 rib has united but still in the process of healing showing irregular woven bone around the area of injury.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1141|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Unhealed fracture (hypertrophic non-union)|see healed fracture| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1149|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Acive rickets: The sternal growth plate of the L clavicle appeared velvety though quite eroded. The sternal ends of the ribs were flared with porosity of the metaphysis extending 8mm up the shaft. The sternal growth plate appeared enlarged and porous w. some swelling to the shaft. The humerus showed no changes whilst slight swelling and flaring was present on the distal radius and ulna. The scapula had pitting along the supraspinous fossa. The femora were poorly preserved but there was no obvious bowing or perisoteal reaction on the fragments present. The distal tibia had medial angulation to distal and the growth plate was velvety in appearance w. an area of pitted lesion penetrating into the shaft. The changes described in the long bone, despite the lack of bowing.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1149|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin C Deficiency|Scurvy|Skull: porous bone and pitting present on the greater sphenoid wings on the orbital roof. Fine woven bone was present on the R petrous covering the subarcuate fossa. On the mandible the mental eminence appear to have abnormal macroporosity on the anterior surface??. The orbital roofs appear normal. The changes in the skull were consistent with scurvy, though not all changes expected were noted.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1149|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1149|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1151|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Bathrocephaly|marked posterior bulging of the occipital bone along the lambdoid suture. Protruding outwards by 10-15mm. The frontal bone also appeared slightly raised along bregma, though to a much lesser degree.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1151|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|OA was presnet in the R humeroradial joint on the anterior portion. This must have been provoked after the RA as the eburnated surface clearly overlay the destroyed surface.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1151|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Erosive Arthropathy|Rheumatoid arthritis (including juvenile forms)|Bilateral polyarticular erosive lesions on the PIP & DIP of the feet causing extensive destruction of the PIP joints w. the lesions giving the joint a culliflower like appearance. The shafts of the MT's were very thinned and porous. Only the R hand was present w erosions of PIP and gross lesions were present in all present carpals.rosive lesions were present on the posterior superior rim of the calcaneus and gross destruction was seen on the r the r elbow joint was destroyed. The joints of humerus, radius and ulna had large scalloped lesions and extensive pitting. The dist. L radius (only portion present) likewise displayed large destructive lesions. Diffuse destruction of the articular facets of the upper thoracic region was present. Scalloped lesions were also noted in the acromion of the r scapula.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1151|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|All bones were serverly osteopenic and probabaly osteoporotic. Fracture of the L dist radius was present though damaged post mortem the angle of the bone and a fine line on union on the anterior portion suggested the presense of a healed colle's fracture. scoliosis did appear to be present in the upper thoracic region. The ribs were very angulated at the angle close to 90 degrees and were very thin and porous.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1151|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1151|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1151|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Unhealed fracture (atrophic non-union)|Three ribs displayed non-union of fractures. Pitting was present along the margins indicating some repair and the trabecular bone, thought pitted appeared dense.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1152|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Other Infection|Other (Infectious - Miscellaneous)|bilateral concha bullosa. swelling of the nasal conchas.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1152|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1152|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1153|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Active rickets: Long bones of the arm appeared normal, though some swelling was present in the right proximal humerus causing the bone to flare in an anteriolateral direction. The L ulna did display some lateral bowing and flaring and pitting of the distal metaphysis. The L distal femur had marked anterior bowing of the distal shaft, whilst the L tibia displayed extreme bowing of the distal shaft and "cupping" of the distal metaphysis. The growth plates had a velvety appearance. The ribs did not display any costal flaring typically seen in active rickets and the metaphyses of the majority of the long bones.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1153|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1153|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|2 (Scattered fine foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1154|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|TORTICOLLIS: Congenital? Marked asymmetry of the skull. R zygomatic more inferior than the L. Marked bulge on the L parietal w. flattening of the r parietal. The asymmetry was further marked in the occipital bone where the foramen magnum appear skewed to the right. The frontal bone was at an angle w a bulge on the L portion whilst sloping and flattened to the right. The whole L side appear enlarged and malformed. The sutures were still nicely joined which makes postmotem lopsidedness unlikely. The post cranial elements did not show any marked asymmetry when measured. The mandible likewise did not appear affected by the torticollis.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1154|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1154|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1155|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|secondary OA to trauma on the L radiocarpal joint for the lunate displaying extensive marginal lipping and eburnation. A second point w. eburnation was situated on the anterior plantar articualtion of the L talus. A groove had formed caused by a bony marginal protuberance on the calcaneum situated in the area of the calcaneonavicular ligament.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1155|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|Trauma to the superior margin of the L zygomatic bone apparent as a bony spicule protruding in a mesial direction situated in the area of the levator labii superioris. This may have ruptured due to some kind of facial impact. Another area apparently affected by soft tissue trauma was the anterior portion of the R calcaneum in the area of the calcaneonavicular ligament (also see osteoarthritis).the soft tissue trauma to the L eye and R foot may be associated with the injury to the radius (see healed fracture). It is not unlikely that these were the results of a single event. The OA of the hand and on the foot is testament to prolonged living after the event(s)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1155|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1155|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1155|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|The L radius displayed a poorly aligned fracture on the mid shaft causing anterior bending due to overlap of an obliuqe fracture. a false joint had formed in the area of the fracture between the radius and the ulna forming a necrotic looking articualtion.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1161|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Bilateral Tarsal coallition between the navicular and the calcaneum along the superior border of the anterior joint of the calcaneii. The L MC1 appeared to have stunted growth compared with the other MC's, there was no sign of any fracture and may simply be a congenital variation.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1161|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|OA present in the distal interphalangeal joint surface of the 5th digit. The inferior border displayed a highly glossed eburnated surfaced whilst lipping was most prominent along the superior border.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1161|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Possible residual rickets: Abnormal anterior bowing present on the proximal portion of the L femur. None of the tibiae displayed any signs of rickets???| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1161|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1161|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1161|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Oblique fracture present 80mm below the proximal articualtion of the tibia. the healing was poor with irregular nodular and spicular bone protruding circumferentially around the area of injury, longitudenal striae and pitting was present on lateral portion. The injury did not appear infected.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1166|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Joints|Other|Other (Joints - Miscellaneous)|Both patellae displayed a single small rounded pit on the mesial articulation measuring approx 6mm in diameter. The pitting on the left was deeper penetrating the bone at an angle where as the R side was shallower and cup shaped. There was no reaction on the femora patellar joint surface. The R sacroiliac joint displayed a reaction a smooth sclerotic plaque like bone formation on an undulating and irregular surface. The left joint appeared normal. This may have been caused by a mild hip dislocation possibly associated with childbirth? There was no evidence of obstructed gait, such as OA in the lower limb bones.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1166|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Other (Trauma - Accidental)|The hook of the L hamate was flattened and cupshaped. The surface displayed bony voids. The Hamate was probably injured causing distortion during healing, though there was no abvious fracture line.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1166|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|Rupture or injury of flexor hallucis longus situated on the proximal posterior portion of the R fibula. Fine bony spicules protruding from the bone in a posterior direction.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1166|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1166|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1166|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Very well healed fracture of one right rib only, situated 50mm posterior of the sternal end. The area around the injury displayed minimal swelling with no reactive bone in the area.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1168|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|(cont from tuberculosis) From the T1 the destruction became more severe involving the intervetebral joint spaces as well as the posterior portion of the body. On The central thoracic region the destruction appeared to commence from the posterior margin destroying the bone to anterior. The trabecular bone was completely remodelled and disorganised with a "sunburst" appearance. The spinous process of T5-8 were completely fused causing severe kyphosis of the spine (Pott's disease). On the lumbar bodies intervertebral and anterior destruction was present whilst the posterior destruction appeared to have halted.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1168|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|The mandible was affected on the left labial portion along the mylohyoid in form of fine porous bone overlying the original cortex (active at the time of death).| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1168|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Infectious|Specific Infection|Tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis/bovis)|The distal left humerus displayed two rounded areas where cortical thinning had caused exposure of the underlying trabecular bone. It is unclear whether this was linked to the tuberculosis. None of the other limbs were affected. These were sufficiently complete to warrant proper analysis. The pelvis appeared friable but did not carry any obvious tubercular lesions. The ribs displayed infections on the visceral surface in the area of the head. These appeared as remodelled disorganised cortical bone sclerotic in appearance covered in fine pitting. A couple of ribs displayed fine foraminae on the outer surface of the ribs from the angle to the central portion of the shaft. Two ribs displayed cloacae on the head, likely to have been caused by tracking of puss from the vertebrae. These had rounded sclerotic margins and penetrated into the ribs. Destruction of on the anterior portion of the vertebrae started from C6 to L3. (cont gen path)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1168|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|4 (Foramina have linked into a trabecular structure)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1168|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1168|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Porotic hyperostosis|Reactive bone was present on the ectocranial posterior portion of the right parietal immediately anterior of the lambdoid suture. This appeared as irregular woven bone overlying a finely pitted surface.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1168|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|The 1st molars had severe caries which could possibly be due to crown malformation rather than actual caries? The deciduous right 2nd molar was affected in a similar manner.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1170|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Neoplastic|Bone Tissue|Other (Neoplastic - Bone Tissue)|This diagnosis is not secure. All vertebrae and the pelvis had pumice like texture. Bony nodules were present T11-L5 in the area of the anterior longitudenal ligament. The sectioned L4 revealed disorganised trabecular structure. Vertebral wedging had occurred in T 7 whilst T3-5 had fusion of the facets. A diagnosis of Osteoporosis was considered on the basis of the reduction of vertebral height but due to the pumice like nature of the bone the changes appeared to have closer relation to hemangioma or bone meatastases, though this diagnosis is likewise somewhat uncertain as no direct comparative data was present. None of the long bones or ribs were in involved. The changes to the skull described in under "protic hyperostosis" may be associated with the changes in the postcranial body.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1170|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Eburnation present central and lateral portion of the distal head of both mc2's. Marked lipping present on the superior and lateral portion borders of the head.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1170|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1170|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1170|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Porotic hyperostosis|Fine layer of pitted periosteal active bone laid down along the frontal crest of the endocranial portion of the frontal bone.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1172|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|bilateral well defined lesions present in area of zygomatico-orbital foramen on the posterior aspect of the zygomatics, as a result of bone loss measuring 5mm in diameter.Further series of elongated fissures present running in a horizontal direction along the maxillae immidiately below the zygomatics. the individual is almost edontulous and the texture of the bone is very light and fribale grainy texture. Finally macro porosity was present in the mandibular foramen. This evidence on the skull may indicate osteopenia.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1172|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1172|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1174|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Non-specific healed perisoteal reaction present on the lateral aspect of the upper 1/3 of the shaft, running along the tibial crest.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1174|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Eburnation present on small fragment of bone which would have formed part of the femoral head.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1174|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1174|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1176|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1176|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1177|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1177|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1178|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|PUBIC SYMPHYSIS: ragged spicular bony out Growths protuding towards the orburator foramen on the ventral portion of the pubic symphysis, possibly caused by soft tissue trauma to the obturator externus involving also the abductor longus.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1178|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1178|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1179|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1179|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1181|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1181|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1183|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1183|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1184|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Other|Ankylosis|Early fusiion along the apex of the L sacroiliac joint surface.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1184|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1184|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1185|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|"SMALL ELONGATED NODULES OF BONE SITUATED ALONG THE SAGITTAL SUTURE ON THE L PARIETAL BONE FRAGMENT IMMIDIATELY ABOVE THE PARIETAL FORAMEN. EACH OF THE NODULES MEASURED ~10X6MM AND WERE SITUATED IN A ROW ONE AFTER THE OTHER ON THE LONG AXIS."| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1185|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1185|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1187|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|POSSIBLE RESIDUAL RICKETS: very marked bowing noted on the R femur, though this may still fall within the normal range for an infant this age as there was no other indication of rickets in the skeleton.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1187|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1187|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1187|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|DARK BANDS OF DISCOLOURATION ACROSS CENTRAL ENAMEL OF ALL DECIDIOUS TEETH.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1188|FEMALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|"MARKED ANTERIOR CURVATURE OF STERNUM, RIBS DID NOT DISPLAY ANY ABNORMALITIES THOUGH THEY WERE VERY FRAGMENTED. POSSIBLY DUE TO MALFORMATION FROM WEARING TIGHT CLOTHING, THOUGH ONE WOULD HAVE EXPECTED THE RIBS TO HAVE BEEN AFFECTED IF THIS WAS THE CASE??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1188|FEMALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1188|FEMALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1189|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1189|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1196|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|The right patella displayed an extra facet at the apex. though enthesopathies are present on the anterior surface, this facet does not appear trauma induced. the facet measures 10x10mm.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1196|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1196|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1197|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1197|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1199|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|2 (Scattered fine foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1199|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1202|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|Craniotomy performed on skull. Due to post-mortem damage the breakage point was not observable. Saw marks were present on the frontal bone above the right orbit and above the right temporal bone. There were no raised edges on the endocranial border of the cut suggesting that the skull was sawn through rather than using a chisel to remove the skull cap. This may have been possible due to the thin skull of the young adolescent. Skinning marked were present on the ectocranial surface running in a medio lateral direction.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1202|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Circulatory|Osteochondroses|Osteochondritis dissicans|small circular concave lesion on the right humeroradial joint measuring 8x5mm.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1202|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1202|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1203|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|congenital fusion of the R DIP joint of the 5th MT| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1203|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Small plaque like formation of bone on the posterior central shaft of the L tibia. measuring 8x10mm.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1203|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Eburnatrion present on the CMCJ on the palmar articulation of the trapezium and the MC1 with marginal lipping. Lipping was present on the L carpals but no eburnation. Both MT1's PIP displayed marginal lipping. Eburnation was present on the right sidealong the plantar border.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1203|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Interpersonal Violence|Other|A|ccording to T waldron this individual had a Possible hanging fracture seen in the open basal sutures of the skull. This has been published in IJO 1996, vol 6 number 1 "Legalised Trauma".| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1203|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1203|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1204|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1204|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1207|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Scoliosis|Scoliosis of spine present in the upper thoracic region from T1-T5 arched to the right. The vertebrae did not appear wedged laterally but when joined together there was a clear s-shaped curvature of the spine starting at T1.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1207|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1207|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1207|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Congenital|Miscellaneous|Spondylolysis (bilateral)|Bilateral spondyloilis of L5. Only the spinous area was present but was clearly detached from the body ante mortem. displaying rounded edges on the bone immidiately inferior to the superior facets.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1209|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Other|Other (Joints - Miscellaneous)|"BOTH ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT ON THE CLAVICLES DISPLAYED ABNORMAL DEGRADATION OF THE JOINT SURFACE. DEEP SCALLOPED LESIONS WERE PRESENT DESTROYING THE WHOLE SURFACE ON THE LEFT SIDE AND PARTIALLY ON THE RIGHT."| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1209|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Congenital fusion of the left 5th DIP joint.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1209|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1209|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1209|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Healed fracture of left false rib. Situated on the central shaft. this is well healed thougn bony spicules protruded in bot inferior and superior directions.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1211|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1211|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1213|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1213|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1215|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1215|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1216|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1216|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1216|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Porotic hyperostosis|"FRAGMENTS OF SKULL DISPLAYED MACROPOROSITY ON THE ECTOCRANIAL SURFACE. THERE WAS HOWEVER NO OTHER SIGN OF PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS SUCH AS SCURVY AND IT MAY SIMPLY HAVE BEEN NATURAL GROWTH?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1218|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1218|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|1| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1221|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|smooth bony growth on the dorsal surface on one left proximal phalange of the hand.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1221|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Specific Infection|Tuberculosis/brucellosis|scalloped lesions present on the anterior portion of the vertebral bodies of T6-12. The lesions increase in serverity with destruction of almost half the vertebral body on T12. The lumbar spine and the ribs were completely unaffected. The right hip to displayed an elongated lytic foci on the anterior portion of the acetabulum which may have been associated with the TB, though it has been suggested that this was simply a non union developmental trait.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1221|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Unilateral OA of the right hip. Acetabulum displayed marked lipping and thickening with extra bone growth on the internal joint surface as well as nodular irregular laid down bone around the external surface of the acetabulum. Eburnation was present along the posterior. The femoral head showed marked reaction with multiple layers of bone on the posterior aspect of the head and eburnation on the anterior portion displaying fine pitting on the eburnated surface. Again nodular irregular bone had been laid down on the anterior portion of the neck. There were no destructive lesions on the femoral head. The R femur suggested a prolonged change in gait as the bone on this side is more bowed and flattened than the left femur.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1221|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1221|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1221|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Hyperostosis frontalis interna|fine rice grain sized bony nodules present on either side of the frontal crest indicative of an early stage of HFI.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1221|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|One well healed fracture present on the right lower ribs immidiately posterior of the head| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1222|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1222|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1226|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1226|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1228|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 7-11 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1228|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 7-11 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|4 (Foramina have linked into a trabecular structure)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1230|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1230|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1231|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Active rickets present. Flattening of femoral heads, flaring of distal metaphyses of both femora with scalloped lesions on the metaphyses. Tibia distinct flaring and angulation of the distal tibia, likewise displaying scalloped lesions. Flaring present on the sternal rib ends.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1231|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1231|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1232|UNSEXED CHILD|UNCLASSIFIED SUB-ADULT|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Active rickets: Distal radius display flaring. The shaft of the long bones were swollen, though poor preservation may cause this illusion. Both tibiae displayed distal flaring and medial angulation as well as scalloped lesions on the distal metaphyses. Both ends of the femora poorly preserved but did display extended porosity on the proximal diaphyses.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1232|UNSEXED CHILD|UNCLASSIFIED SUB-ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1232|UNSEXED CHILD|UNCLASSIFIED SUB-ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1233|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1233|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1233|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|healed fracture on lower L fibula 20mm above distal articulation. The fracture was oblique and well healed with only minor reduction in length (overlap ~10mm). There was no sign of any infection.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1236|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1236|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1238|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|L6 present| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1238|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|4 (Foramina have linked into a trabecular structure)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1238|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|4 (Foramina have linked into a trabecular structure)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1240|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1240|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1242|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1242|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1244|UNSEXED CHILD|UNCLASSIFIED SUB-ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1244|UNSEXED CHILD|UNCLASSIFIED SUB-ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1245|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1245|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1247|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|congenital fusion of L DIP joint of MT5| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1247|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Residual rickets: Only apparent in the tibiae both displayed marked thinning mediolaterally with a very pronounced anterior crest. The bowing has occured in a mesial direction. On the L tibia was an area of swelling to the central portion of the shaft on the mesial side. it is unclear whether this reaction is directly related to the rickets? The area is smooth with only slight pitting on the periosteum.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1247|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1247|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|3| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1248|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Active rickets: humeri display a flattened widened metaphyses with a porous pitted surface. Distinct flaring is present on the distal metahyses of the radii and ulnae. Though the femur is poorly preserved the distal meathyses were porous and irregular with "slit-strut" structures along the margins. The distal portion of the tibia was angulated medially again with a porous and pitted metaphysis. Finally the ribs display flaring at the sternal ends.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1248|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1248|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1248|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Porotic hyperostosis|Fragments of parietal bone had layer of porous bone laid down of the ectocranial portion overlying the original cortex, however due to poor preservation it is difficult to identify whether this is partially post-mortem damage. Looking at the bone in side view it does appear thickened.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1251|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1251|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1251|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|PIPE FACETS PRESENT ON R MAXIALLRY LATERAL INCISOR & CANINE + R MANDIBULAR CANINE.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1253|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1253|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1255|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1255|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1258|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1258|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1259|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1259|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1263|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1263|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1263|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Poorly reduced mid shaft fracture of L claviclewith 37mm bone overlap.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1265|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Active rickets: porous extra cortical bone growth present on the lateral portion of the supra orbital margin by the temporalis muscle. The ribs, though very fragmented, displayed flaring to the sternal ends, with pitted and irregular metaphyses. The proximal metaphyses of the humeri were flattened and display extensive pitting, which was likewise present on the distal portions of the radii and ulnae. It is possible that the radii showed some degree of swelling and porosity on the shaft though the preservation was so poor and it was hard to determine whether this was due to post-mortem changes. The femora displayed flattened proximal metaphyses and classic "slit-strut" structure to the distal metaphyses, also displaying marked flaring and pronounced pitting and destruction of the joint surface of the metaphyses. The tibiae showed flaring with destruction of both the proximal and distal metaphyses. The L distal portion being concave in shape.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1265|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1265|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1265|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|LINEAR BANDING ON ROOTS OF DECIDIOUS TEETH. AND ENAMEL HYPOPLASTIC PITS PRESENT| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1267|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1267|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1269|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Interpersonal Violence|Blunt force trauma (incl depressed cranial fracture) healed|two irregular depressions were present on the left parietal bone along the sagittal suture in area of parietal foramen. Each depression measured ~15x11mm and had a depth of 2-3mm.There was no other indication of interpersonal violence on the skeleton.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1269|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1269|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1275|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Infectious|Other Infection|Other (Infectious - Miscellaneous)|NEW PLAQUE LIKE BONE FORMATION IN TOOTH TOOTH SOCKET OF DM2| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1275|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1275|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1276|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1276|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1277|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1277|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1278|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1278|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1281|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|Marked enthesopathies on anterior aspect of the l patella| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1281|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|The entire shaft of the L fibula displayed extensive periosteal reaction. the bone was ragged and spicular in apperance with areas dense plaque like bone formation. None of the infection appeared active at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1281|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Bilateral eburnation and lipping of CMCJ of MC1 along the palmar border. No other hand bones were affected. Unilateral OA of the hip. The right acetabulum displayed extensive lipping along all borders with eburnation along the supererior and inferior border. The right femoral head formed a "mushroom" shape extending along the neck due to extensive lipping along the borders. Eburnation was present anteriorly and posteriorly whilst the remaining surface was chalky in apperance.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1281|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|ULCER - Plaque like bone situated on the medial aspect of the L tibia. the injuries were raised on the cortex. the first was situated medial of the anterior border and measured 18x11mm. The second injury was situated lower down on the shaft 60mm further to distal. this injury was much larger measuring 50x27mm, also rappaering as a raised platau on the cortex. there was no evidence of active infection in any of the areas of soft tissue injury though there was healed perisoteal new bone on the lateral aspect of the distal shaft in the form of pitted bone integrated into the cortex. According to the description in Mann and Hunt (2005) this could be a subperisoteal ossified heamatoma?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1281|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1281|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1287|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|3| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1287|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|3| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1288|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Diffuse OA: R radiocarpal joint (lunate) displayed mild lipping and eburnation along the posterior margin. Palmar view of R triquetral had advanced eburnation. L MCP joint of MC1 (eburantion, lipping and pitting). Eburantiion on rib facets of T12 L side. Bilateral eburnation of hip joint most severe on L hip joint with mushroom shaped head and bony build up on inferior portion of neck.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1288|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1288|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1290|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1290|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1290|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|BILATERAL PIPE FACETS PRESENT ON P3 AND C ON BOTH UPPER AND LOWER DENTITION. DENTITION GLUED IN MAXILLA AND MANDIBLE.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1291|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Other (Congenital-Skull Malformation)|torticollis - flattening of R occipital bone and bulging of L occipital portion. The rest of the skull did not appear very asymmetrical and there was no obvious asymmetry of the facial region. Mild concha Bullosa was present with moderaet swelling of the R inferior nasal concha.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1291|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Other|Other (Joints - Miscellaneous)|Metatarsal pitting of the plantar margin of the L MT3. Irregular rounded pit with smooth margins.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1291|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1291|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1292|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1292|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1292|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Hyperostosis frontalis interna|HFI present on the frontal bone on either side of the frontal crest. the surface displayed a smooth undulating surface with marked swelling above the orbital roof area, no other areas of the skull was affected.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1296|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific osteomyelitis|L radius display marked thickening of shaft possibly due to built up sequestra.There are no obvious clocae, though one small foramen is present on anterior proximal portion of the shaft.this was a localised infection no other bone appear to be infected. All ribs displayed marked swelling to the heads active fine prous lesions on the cortex. on broken bone it was viible that the thinking was maked in a visceral direction. A number of lower ribs displayed scalloped lesions on the visceral surface. It is possible that these lesions were related to tuberculosis. only the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae were present and it was therefore not possible to establish any damage to the spine.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1296|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Infectious|Specific Infection|Tuberculosis/brucellosis|DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS SEE NON SPECIFIC OSTEOMYELITIS| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1296|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1296|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1298|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Rib infection: fine layer of smooth pitted extracortical bone growth on the visceral surface of both left and right ribs. Mainly observed by the head though in some fragments it appeared to extend towards the central shaft. the pitted layer was mainly situated along the superior margin of the ribs and were most severe on the left ribs.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1298|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1298|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1312|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Skull malformation (general)|torticollis: Marked asymmetry of the parietals and occipital bone. Marked bulging of the R parietal bone. The L occipital condyle was more inferior than the R, with the foramen magnum apearing slightly twisted to the right. The R zygomatic and maxilla also appeared lower than the right side. It is possible that the scoliosis of the upper thoracic vertebrae was caused by the torticollis due to pressure on the left side caused by the more inferior occipital condyle.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1312|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Scoliosis|Scoliosis due to wedging of T2-T5. The Rib facet on the left side of T2 appeared compressed as if pressure had been applied to the vertebrae in this region by the rib cage.weding caused concavity to occur to the right side.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1312|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1312|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Perisoteal pitting on the endoncranial portion of the occipital bone situated along the grooves for the sagittal sinus and transverse sinuses. The surface display a fine pitted porous surface. Both tibiae had fine porous pitted extra cortical bone situated on the lateral aspect of the central shaft overlying the original cortex. further persioteal reaction extended from the posterior nutrient foramen in the area of soleus. Prob active at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1312|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific osteitis|Bilateral swelling of the femora of entire circumference of the entire shaft. Swelling displayed an even surface of porous finely pitted bone. The L femur was more affected than the R. No joint involvement was present. Breakage of bone revealed medial thickening of the cortex with reduction of the meduallry cavity.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1312|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1312|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1312|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|nasal fracture: well healed fracture of the nasal bone causing asymmetry with node shifted to the right. The anterior aspect of the dispalyed fine fracture line, most visible on the internal portion of the nasal bone.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1314|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Metabolic|General|Other (Metabolic - General)|DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS See [HISTIOCYTOSIS-X]| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1314|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1314|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1314|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Histiocytosis-X|POSSIBLE: Oval lytic lesions affecting the orbital roofs bilaterally. The lesions have non-sclerotic margins and have completely destroyed the central portion of the orbital roof. The lesions appeared to have generated from the inner table and worked outwards until complete destruction had taken place. There were no other apparent lesions on the cranial or post cranial skeleton. The anterior portion of the mandible and the maxillary palate were very porous and particularly the maxillary palate appeared paper thin. Further porous lesions were present along the superior border by the acromion on the scapulae. It is unclear whether these porotic reactions were related to the LCH or it was another underlying metabolic disorder? The ribs were not flared and no bending present on any of the long bones.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1316|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1316|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1318|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|GR, SPHENOID WING: The L central surface of the Gr shenoid wing displayed a deep groove running in a transverse direction causing a marked concave groove compared to the right approx 10mm above the pterigoid canal. In this area on the right side was a ridge. on the frontal view the bone appears normal.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1318|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Mandible: Abnormal porosity and layers of fine porous bone situated around the mandibular foramen and the mylohoid groove. the layer of bone was more prominent on the left side. Pitting of the orbital roof may have had some assciation, though there was no other reaction on the rest of the skeleton.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1318|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1318|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1320|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1320|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1320|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|NASAL FRACTURE: Marked opening with healed edges was seen along the maxillary-nasal union on the left side. the right side was too fragmented to make any observations. The fracture did not appear to have affected the nasal bone itself.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1326|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Other (Congenital-Skull Malformation)|Slight parietal torticollis. Asymmetry of the parietal sections. Left side bulging more to lateral than the right side, with the natural concavity situated more posterior than the left side. The occipital did not appear to be affected. The frontal bone was very flattened anteriorly with a high forhead. The Maxilla anterior view saw the infeiror portion pushed in a posterior direction, causing marked concavity below the inferior orbitak margins.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1326|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Miscellaneous|Other (Miscellaneous)|Concha bulbosa bilateral, most marked on the right side with swelling of the inferior nasal concha. The nasal septum appear to have shifted to the left to compensate for the swelling. Slight swelling of the left inferior concha was likewise present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1326|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Scoliosis|Marked scoliosis of the thoracic vertebrae. The upper thoracic curved laterally to the rigth shifting at T4 to the left . The Ribs on both sides displayed marked angulation at almost 90 degrees. The L scapula displayed a facet present along the superior border to anterior, posibly caused by the 3rd or 4th rib pressing agains the scapula due to abnormal posture.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1326|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Residual rickets caused marked bowing of the lower limbs. The right femur was flattened in a mediolateral direction with marked lateral bowing. The flattening had caused the liniar aspera to a medial position. The R tibia was completely flattened anterior to posterior acquiring a boomerang shape with anterior bending on the lower 3rd of the shaft. The L femur was S-Shaped with the lower 3rd of the shaft extending posteriorly appearing almost spiral shaped. The shaft was less flattened that the R femur and the linear aspera had remained to posterior. The L tibia was likewise S-Shaped and displayed similar boomerang flattening as the R. the anterior bending also occurred on the lower 3rd of the shaft, but further bowing was present in a mediolateral direction with the upper 3rd of the shaft bowing laterally. The L fibula likewise displayed anterior posterior flattening. There were no marked changes to the hip joint, where only slight lipping was present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1326|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1326|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1328|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|(cont of tuberculosis) The proximal portion of the femur appeared unaffected. The distal portion of the fibula appeared concave but with no major changes. The proximal metaphysis of the L femur again appeared unaffected whilst the distal portion, thought extensively damaged post-mortem, appear to have multiple scalloped lesions present on the central portion. The lesions affected the metaphyses only. There was no periosteal reaction on any of the long bones. Marginal erosion was not present. The lesions were situated on the central portion of the growth plates. The only epihyses present were the femoral heads and these were not affected (but the metaphyses did not appear affected either) so this does not mean that none of the epiphyses were affected. It was thought that the changes described were consistent with an infection. Though there were no involvement of the vertebrae the changes were most consistent with those described by Aufderheide (1994, 138) as osteoarticular tuberculosis? The age range also appeared to be right. Later examination of the photographs did however suggest that these changes may simply have been rachitic?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1328|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Infectious|Specific Infection|Tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis/bovis)|There were no apparent changes on the flat bones of the skull. On the R mandibular condyle was a small oval impression measuring 1.5x5mm . The right arm had changes to the proximal metaphysis of the radius with a small irregular indentation on the central portion measuring 1.5x4mm. The distal metaphysis of the radius display shallow scalloped lesions covering the entire surface. The ulna did not display any obvious changes, whilst the humerus was too damaged to make observations on the metaphysis. The metaphysis of the left arm was damaged, though scalloped may be observed on the proximal portion of the humerus situated on the distolateral portion. The sternal portion of the ribs displayed well demarcated oval lesions as well as irregular scalloping and slight flaring. Again the metaphyses of the long bones were damaged with only the distal portion of femur and fibula present and the proximal metaphysis of the femur. The most prominent destruction on the whole skeleton was those of the right distal femur with marked destruction of the metaphysis and multiple scalloped lesions affecting the central portion of the surface but not the margins (cont in gen path)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1328|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS (see description under tuberculosis)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1328|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1328|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1330|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1330|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1330|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|12 Healed rib fractures, unsided due to a high degree of fragmentation. 8 situated on the central portion of the shaft whilst 4 were immidiately anterior of the head. all were well healed with swelling but no pitting around the area of injury.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1331|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1331|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1331|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|dentition embedded in the bone (unerupted) displayed marked hypoplastic defects on the enamel of Max I2, C, P3 and P4| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1336|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1336|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1336|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|PIPE FACET RIGHT MANDIBLE VISIBLE ON R I2 AND POSSIBLY ON L SIDE SAME LOCATION.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1338|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|RIBS, HUMERIE, ULNAE, FEMORA, TIBIAE: Ribs exhibit fine pitting on the outer surface of the angle in the original cortex. On the visceral surface pitting is present in the same area though more pronounced. Both humeri exhibit periosteal reactions in the posterior central portion of the shaft. On the R Ulna the reaction was more sclerotic in appearance with larger pitting and slight undulating surface situated on the central lateral portion of the shaft. Both femora exhibited dense pitted bone on the distal anterior and posterior shaft. The right tibia displayed a similar pattern along the proximal lateral portion of the shaft. Generally: bony nodules present on the anterior portion of the sternum.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1338|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|R Scaphoid had a small area of eburnation along the superior border around a the same area is a large lytic lesion penetrating into the bone measuring 5.5mm in width on the outer surface and approx 3-4mm in depth.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1338|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Other|Ankylosis|SACROILLIAC JOINT: Ankylosis of the superior border of the L sacroilliac joint.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1338|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Circulatory|Osteochondroses|Osgood-Shlatter's disease|large bony spur projecting towards knee joint present on the tibial tuberosities of both tibiae. perisosteal reaction well healed and prob not active at the time of death. the spurs measure 18x8mm. Marked enthsopathies were present on the anterior portion of the patella.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1338|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1338|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1343|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Scoliosis|T6-7 and L ribs affected. left sided slight scoliosis of the spine.Slight lateral reduction in vertebral height of T6-7 caused the spine to curve to the left side. The ribs were affected with marked angulation of the body of the rib with a deep inferior curvature.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1343|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Rudementary 1st Right rib and bilateral tarsal coallision: Right 1st rib fused to 2nd rib n area of body. Bilateral Tarsal coalission of the proximal calcaneum and navicular.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1343|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|1st CMC joint of L hand. OA with marked eburnation and palmar lipping of the L 1st CMC joint. Bilateral OA of 1st MTPH joint of foot with slight eburnation, pitting on the plantar surface.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1343|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1343|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1345|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Other (Infectious - Non-specific infection)|on both endocranila portions of the squarmos part of the temporal bone were rounded depression where the inferior margin had a layer of fine nodular bone growth situated superior of the petrous bone. It was unclear whether this was an infection or the reaction to some kind of repeated stress??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1345|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|A small area of eburnation was present on the posterior portion of the L temporamandibular joint. The R acromioclavicualr joint displayed a large area of marked eburnation along the anterior margin. The R femoral head was eburnated along the anterior margin of the head and both the femoral head and acetabulum displayed continious lipping.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1345|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Other|Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)|Right sided fusion present on the vertebral bodies of T6-12 spreading to both sides of the vertebral bodies in the lumbar region. The articulating facets were not affected and the disc space integrty was maintained. The right sacorilliac joint displayed signs of early ankylosis along the superior margin.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1345|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Other|Rotator cuff disease|bilateral possible rotator cuff injury.both humerie displayed extensive bony remodelling on the anterior margin of the head. Both glenoid davities had marked continous marginal lipping. Lattisimus dorsi was very pronounced in both humerie but particularly on the right. The area of bone remodelling was by supra spinatus and subscapularis| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1345|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1345|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1350|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|Possible osteoporosis based on the porous trabecular structure seen in the L4 section. the bones were likewise very light and friable, though poor preservation may have caused this. The curvature (kyphosis) of the spine with the anterior fusion may further be a result of the osteopenia.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1350|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1350|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1350|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Hyperostosis frontalis interna| Thee "rice grain" like nodules on the left portion of the frontal bone along the frontal crest. On the right side was a raised smooth outgrowth of bone again situated along the frontal crest. there is no thickening of the trabecular bone and the limited reaction seems to suggest an early stage of HFI.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1352|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1352|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1355|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|fusion of the 5th dist and intermediate pahalages of the R foot. Tarsal coalition between the navicular and the calcaneum.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1355|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Perisoteal reaction on medial proximal portion of the R tibia. Patchy irregular bone overlying longitudenal striaes of bone. these was no porosity and the reaction appeared to have healed prior to the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1355|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|L hand affected with small patch of eburnation on the lateral portion of PIP. the reamining PIP display a small rounded nodule of bone on the central margin in dorsal view.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1355|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1355|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1355|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|DENTITION: VERY SHORT ROOTS ON MAXILLARY ANTERIOR INCISORS. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THE R CENTRAL UPPER INCISOR BROKE ANTEMORTEM AS A FRAGMENT OF EMBEDDED ROOT APPEARS TO BE PRESENT| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1357|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|spina bifida occulta present in S1-3 . Open sacral crest.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1357|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Residual rickets. anterior bowing of proximal femora and medial bowing of central shaft of both tibiae and left fibula. The long bones of the arms and all metaphyses appear normal. The dentition display extreme enamel hypoplasia with with virtually the whole crown affected in all incisors, canines and premolars. In the M2's only the upper portion of teh crown are affeted.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1357|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1357|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1358|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Other (Congenital-Spinal Disorders)|CONGENITAL FUSION ALONG THE R PORTION OF THE NEURAL ARCH OF C2-3, WITH SMOOTH BONE FORMATION ON THE LATERAL PORTION OF THE SUPERIOR ARTCULATING FACET.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1358|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin C Deficiency|Scurvy|POSSIBLE. SEVERE STRESS DURING THE TIME OF M1 CROWN FORMATION AND FORMATION OF THE 1ST CENTRAL INCISORS W. GROSS HYPOPLASTIC DEFECTS. POROSITY WAS PRESENT ON THE ANTERIOR PORTION OF THE MANDIBLE BY THE INCISORS, IN WHAT APPEARS TO THIN LAYERS OF PROTIC ACTIVE BONE. THE MAXILLARY PALATE LIKEWISE EXHIBIT POROUS PITTING. THE GREATER SPHENOID WINGS APPEAR TO HAVE SLIGHT PITTING ON THE LATERAL PORTION THOUGH IT IS NOT ENTIRELY CLEAR WHETHER THIS IS NATURAL OR PATHOLOGICAL.THE BASILIAR BONES APPEAR NORMAL. BOTH HUMERI DISPLAY LAYERS OF POROUS ACTIVE EXTRA CORTICAL BONEGROWTH ON THE CENTRAL PORTION OF THE SHAFT, MOST PROMINENT ON THE POSTERIOR PORTION (R HUM). THE SCAPULAE EXHIBITED POROUS BONE ALONG THE AREA OF THE MAJOR MUSCLE OF THE ROTATOR CUFF. THE REMAINING ARM BONES APPEARED UNAFFECTED. THE FEMORA TO A MILDER DEGREE DISPLAY PORPUS BONE ON EITHER SIDE OF THE LINEAR ASPERA. THE METAPHYSES DID NOT APPEAR AFFECTED IN ANY OF THE BONES. NO RIB ENDS PRESENT.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1358|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1358|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1358|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|CARABELLI'S CUSPS ON UPPER DECIDIOUS 2ND MOLARS BILATERAL. BANDING ON ROOTS OF DECIDIOUS TEETH.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1360|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Skull malformation (general)|Bilateral concha bulbosa with marked swelling of both concha. the nasal bones a displayed marked flattening though there was no sign of any trauma, it is possible that this was caused by a traumatic event.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1360|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Bilateral OA of the femora patellar joint surface. Grooved eburnation present on the most anterior aspect of the joint surface with marked lipping along the margins of the joint surface.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1360|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1360|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1360|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|POSSIBLE??? Extreme flattening of nasal bone in profile. No obviuos fracture was noted| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1362|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|Marked porosity on the greater sphenoid wings and the dorsum sallae| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1362|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1362|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1362|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|pipe facets present on left upper canine and P3| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1366|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1366|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1367|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1367|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1369|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|"PRONOUNCED BONE REMODELLING AND ENTHESOPATHIES ON BOTH ISCHIAL TUBEROSITIES"| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1369|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Other (Metabolic - General)|Probable OSTEOPENIA: the bones are extremently light and being an older female it is not unlikely that osteopenia is present or possibly even OSTEOPOROSIS? there are however no fracture, wedging of vertebrae or thinning in the illium which would suggest the presence of osteoporosis.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1369|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Eburnation present in: R acromioclavicular joint of CLAVICLE, L distal IPJ, bilaterally on the MTPJ of the MT1 situated on the plantar surface also exhibting nodules of bone and slight pitting. A majority of the tarsals display extensive lipping but no eburnation.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1369|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1369|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1369|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Endocranial Lesions|Small irregular nodule (6.5x5.2mm0 situated on a a small plaque like formation of bone on the endocranial surface of the right portion of the frontal bone immidiately above the frontal crest. It is not believed to be HFI as this nodule singular and appear to be made up of irregular bone rather than being smooth.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1373|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Scoliosis|Congenital scoliosis of the thoracic spine, forming an S-shaped. Right sided wedged reduction in height occurred in T4. T-7 display reduction oh height on the left side whilst T8 again had reduced height to the right, causing the spine to form an S-shape. Marginal lipping was present in the areas where height reduction had occurred and the facets displayed widening and pitting on T3-4. Twisting of the spine is apparent thought the pathological changes are confined to the areas of wedging. The right acromioclavicular articulation is malformed with an undulating surface suggesting the fusion may not have been able to occur. Slight pitting is present along the trapezoid line. This may be an effect of the twisting of the spine causing the clavicle to malalign and not articulate with the acromion.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1373|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1373|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1374|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1374|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1376|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Maxilla. Caries induced palatal infection. Marked thinning of the posterior aspect of the maxillary bone with area of small rounded lesions penetrating the pallet. Covering the entire superior surface of the pallet was a dense layer of porous disorganised bone. The L temporamandibular joint displayed gross destruction of the joint surface (see inflammatory OA). Further periosteal infection was present on the R 1st rib on the angle of the inferior surface as fine porous bone overlying the original cortex. On the anterior aspect of the ischium was an area of increased porosity and swelling of the original cortex with a bony spicule protruding into the obturator foramen. It is unclear whether these infections were linked, though it would appear to be different stages as the infection of the maxilla and rib were active at the time of death whilst the changes to the ischium appeared to be healed.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1376|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Inflammatory osteoarthritis|The L temporamandibular joint was grossly distorted with swelling and complete destruction of the joint surface. The surface display several scooped out lytic lesion in the irregular new bone growth. it is possible that this was imflammatory OA caused by the extensive areas of infections (see non specific periositis) in the maxiallary region.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1376|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1376|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|3| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1379|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1379|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1380|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Trauma|Accidental|Other (Trauma - Accidental)|L MT5 : Hairline fracture situated on the central portion of the TMTJ surface. Running at an angle in a posterior inferior direction.MARKED ENTHESOPATHIES ON THE TIBIAL TUEROSITIES. RAGGED BONE GROWTH IN AREA OF EXTENSOR DIGOTORUM BREVIS OF THE L CALCANEUM. MAY BE LINKED TO THE HAIRLINE FRACTURE SEEN ON THE TMTJ OF L MT5.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1380|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|L + R TIBIAE and LMT5: Striae of active new bone formation situated on the lateral central portion of both tibial shafts. The new bone is porous and pitted. similar bone growth was present on the superior surface of the shaft of the L MT5 and a small area on the medial portion of the calcaneum. Further new bone growth was seen on the anterior portion of the L femoral neck this was pitted but smooth with no woven bone and probably healed at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1380|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|DIJ of L hand: Distal phalage displayed marginal eburnation to medial ith continous lipping around the joint margin.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1380|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1380|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1384|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Bifid right 3rd rib. Central portion of shaft have bony protuberance which articulates with 4th rib, though this is not present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1384|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1384|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1386|FEMALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1386|FEMALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1388|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1388|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1390|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Kyphosis|possible mild kyphosis of the spine with slight reduction of vertebral height appearing in the T8-10. mild lipping also present on the anterior portion of these vertebrae. none of the other vertebrae are affected and the spine otherwise appear healthy.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1390|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific osteitis|Diffuse mild swelling and periosteal reactions on ribs, radii, ulnae, metacarples and femora. On the ribs the area affected was immediately anterior of the head to the angle of the rib. The areas on at least 2 of the 4 ribs affected were swollen and displayed mild pitting. On two of the ribs small spicules radiated outwards, one on the head and one on the central portion of the shaft. There was no layer of porous bone the reaction appeared from within. Both the radii and the ulnae displayed swelling on the entire length of the shaft with undulating striae and fine pitting on the surface, situated on the lower 2/3 of the shafts. On the dorsal surface of the shaft of r mc2-3 the cortex appears pitted and porous. The femora exhibited mild swelling along the entire length and circumference of the shaft. The bone was slightly undulating with plaque like formation particularly towards the lower 1/3 of the shaft. None of the joints were affected. The diffuse nature of the infection may have been a result of it spreading through the blood. It cannot be excluded that this was a treponomal disease the infection appeared relatively mild.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1390|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1390|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1393|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Trauma|Interpersonal Violence|Sharp force trauma (edged implement) unhealed|R PARIETAL: Possible sharp force trauma, a 13.3 mm linear injury running in a mediolateral direction by the saggital suture on the R pariteal bone. 47.7mm from the lambdoid suture. The edges appear smooth and hence unlikely to be excavaion damage, though the size and the width of the injury is consistent with the point of a trowel.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1393|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|RESIDUAL RICKETS: anterior bowing present in both femora on central shaft. The L tibia exhibited flattening in a mediolateral direction and bowing in an anterior direction generated on the distal half of the shaft. the distal epiphyses of the tibia and the femora appeared more concave than usual and bony reactions were seen on the epiphyses point of fusion as fine and coarse pittiing on the central portion, this porotic pitting suggested that the rickets may have been active at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1393|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1393|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1393|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|ENAMEL PEARL IN 27 ALL 1ST MOLAR EXHIBIT GROSS DESTRUCTION OF THE OCCLUSAL SURFACE.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1394|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Possible active rickets. Marked bowing of both fibulae and possible slight anterior bowing of the tibiae(?). The metaphyses had a "velvety" appearance and were sligthly concave as well as flared on the distal tibiae and radii. The rib ends did not appear to display any changes and the humerie were likewise normal in appearance.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1394|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1394|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1396|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1396|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1396|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|INCISORS AND CANINES DISPLAY UNUSUAL WEAR RUNNING IN A TRANSVERSE DIRECTION CAUSING A GROOVE IN A MEDIOLATERAL DIRECTION.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1396|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|4 right ribs had well healed fractures situated immidiately posterior to the angle and anterior to the head. on one left rib the fracture was situated anterior of the angle. swelling present around the area of trauma but no sign of infection| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1398|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1398|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1404|FEMALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Metabolic|General|Other (Metabolic - General)| Apparent collapse of the lower thoracic region in particular T10-11, followed by marked osteophytic lipping. the lower lumbar region display advanced OA of the articualar facets. thinning and slight cupping of the inferior margins of the ribs. the bones are very fribale and light suggestion some form of osteopenia.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1404|FEMALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Eburnation present on the styloid process of the L distal portion of the ulna to the extent the styloid process was reduced in height and has formed an artificial facet. The CMCJ of the 1st MC & trapezium display marked lipping pitting and eburnation along both the palmar and dorsal margins of the joint. The Lunate exhibited a large cavity along the palmar margin; it is unclear whether this was associated with an erosive arthropathy or a natural variation. Further eburnation was present on the proximal lateral surface of one intermediate phalange. All changes were recorded on the L hand. The right hand was not present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1404|FEMALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1404|FEMALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1406|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1406|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1408|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Congential fusion of DIP joint of unsided phalages of the foot.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1408|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|L TIBIA: Perisoteal reaction around tibial tuberosity of the L prox tibia. Appeared as irregular pitted and woven bone on the lateral and medial sides. the reaction appeared well healed and was prob not active at death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1408|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Compression fracture (vertebrae)|T7-T8 displayed L lateral reduction of vertebral body height causing scoliosis of the spine. Probabaly due to excessive pressure on the spine as schmorl's nodes were present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1408|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1408|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1408|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|PIPE FACET PRESENT L SIDE BY BOTH UPPER AND LOWER I2 & C.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1409|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Scoliosis|Marked scoliosis of the spine causing lateral fusion of the vertebral bodies. C2-3 displayed fusion of the facets the most superior curvature occurred in T2-8 curving to the left counterbalanced with a marked curvature to the right in T9-L3. The lateral fusion had occurred in line of the concavity of the curvatures. Rib fusion on T9 was present whilst the other ribs appeared thinned but not deformed. The clavicles were flattened a-p the sacroiliac joint was in an early process of fusion and the auricular joint surfaces were clearly affected.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1409|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Eburnation present on R capitate articulation w. the triquetral.this appears to be unilateral and only a small area affected.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1409|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1409|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1411|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1411|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1413|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1413|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1415|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1415|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1415|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|healed fracture of sternum. transverse frature of 2-3rd segment of the sternum. This has caused marked shortening of the body with overlap and swelling in the area of the injury. ossified cartalige present on either side of the injury. Length of body measured 93.5mm| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1417|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|OA in the interphalangeal joints of both hands. Joint deformation by marked lipping, pitting and eburnation present in the DIP surface. On the right hand all three intermediate phalanges exhibited gross changes to the distal joint. On the L hand one of two intermediate pahlages were affected on the distal joint surface. The R Trapezium articulation with the MC1 displayed gross changes to the joint surface with marked maginal lipping, pitting and eburnation on the palmar portion og the joint.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1417|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1417|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1417|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Well healed fracture on central L rib siuated on the angle. swelling present around the area of injury.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1419|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1419|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1420|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|Post-mortem autopsy evident on the cranium. A smooth cut was made across the occipital,parietal and temporal bones, thereby allowing an opening of the cranial vault post-mortem. Although the cut appears straight from occipital to frontal, cut marks are evident, thereby forming a 'jagged' edge, most notably on the occipital above the nuchal crest. Furthermore, the cranium was forcably split at the point of the frontal crest where the skull cap has ben 'snapped' from the lower portion of the cranium forming a 'break point'. In conjunction with this, there may have been a surgical cut made to separate the left and right maxillae during the autopsy. Such a cut may have been made across the right maxilla, as the bones have not parted at their natural margin. This is particularly noticable from the inferior aspect. Separation has occured along a very straight post-mortem break, further implicating surgical intervention. It cannot be ascertained as to why a post-mortem appeared necessary.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1420|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Circulatory|Osteochondroses|Osteochondritis dissicans|Osteochodritis dissicans noticable on the inferior surface of the medial condyle of the left femur. The separation of a small sequestrum has ocured, which has since reattached and attempted to heal, forming a raised, coarse growth that appears oval in shape. The affected area measures 17.6mm at its widest point. In possible conjuntion with osteochondritis dissicans, is a slight depression of the left femoral head and an elongation of the medial femoral condyle. Such features are only noticable in direct comparison with the right femur. The left femoral head appears 'sunken' and the neck extends laterally at a larger angle than the right femoral neck.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1420|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1420|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1420|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|The dental ware patterns on the maxilliary incissor and canines should also be noted. Attrition has formed on the lingual surfaces at a very acute angle to the occlusal surface. Such ware is rather severe. Maxiliary RI1 and RC have extensivley exposed the pulp chamber at the lingual surface, but next to no ware was detected on the buccal surfaces on any of the maxilary teeth, or on the molar surfaces of both maxilary and mandibular molars.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1422|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1422|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1424|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|RADII AND ULNAE:Bilateral periosteal reactions present on the radii and ulnae, appearing as a thin porous layer overlying the original cortex. On the radii it was situated on the distal lateral portion of the bone where as on the ulnae the reactive bone was present on the proximal lateral portion. none of the ribs or the fibulae appear to be affected in a similar manner. thought possibly present on the distal anterior humerus.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1424|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1424|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1426|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1426|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1428|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Bathrocephaly|mild bathrocaphaly.occipital bone protruding outwards from the lamdoid suture to the occipital crest.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1428|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1428|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1431|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|1| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1431|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|1| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1434|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1434|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1437|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1437|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1439|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Dense layer of new bone present on the border of MT3 and MT4 on the L side. Present both medially and laterally on MT3 but only to lateral on MT4. The new bone was dense with no apparent pitting or porosity and was incorporated into the original cortex., suggesting it was healed at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1439|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Eburantion on the articulation between the hamate and triquetral carpals of the L wrist.Only a samml area (2mm diamter) was affected to distal dorsal aspect. Bilateral eburnation was present on the MTPHJ of the MT1. Eburnation with grroving was present on the plantar aspect of the R distal MT1 articualtion and on the mesial dorsal view of the L dist articulation of the L mt1. Both exhibited lipping around the entire joint surface.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1439|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Other|Ankylosis|Unilateral ankylosis of the R sacroilliac joint. Fusion occured on the superior border without affecting the actual joint surface. It was not possible to tell whether this was an effect of changes in the vertebrae as these were absent.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1439|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1439|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1441|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|4 RIBS: four rib fragments displayed minute perisoteal changes to the plural surface, 3 by the head and 1 on the central shaft. The changes had an appearance of a fine pitted layer of bone overlying the original cortex and was prob active at the time of death. One rib exhibited a fine smooth line of cortical bone growth on the anterior surface of a fragment, appearing as a raised ridge running in a medial lateral direction along the centre of the shaft, though raised the ridge appears integrated into the cortical bone. ~15mm oval lesion present on the by ventral border on pubic symphysis, very rounded and cyst like in appearance.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1441|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|R MC1 DIST: Eburnation present along the lateral border of the dist articualtion with the prox phalange,| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1441|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1441|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1442|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 7-11 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1442|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 7-11 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1443|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 7-11 MONTHS|Metabolic|General|Other (Metabolic - General)|Scurvy??? Fine Pitting on r posterior maxilla, it is unclear whether this is normal. It was picked up because the supraspinatus fossa on the r scapula exhibited porous lesion in form of multiple pitting. One rib appeared to have a pitted layer of bone along the inferior groove on the visceral surface, but no swelling was present on the sternal end. L femur had a small area of porosity along the medial border and the medial portion of the tibia had a similar porous pattern. None of the porosity appeared aggressive or active.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1443|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 7-11 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1443|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 7-11 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1446|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1446|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1447|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1447|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1449|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1449|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1449|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|Caries on dentition take a peculiar pattern as the maxillary M1s were heavily affected and then the M3s, whilst the M2s on both sides were completely unaffected. could it be a defect in crown development rather than actual caries??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1454|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1454|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1454|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|"AREA OF UPEER CENTRAL INCISORS DISPALYED RECENT RESORPTION AND IT APPEARS AS IF THE DENTITION MAY HAVE BEEN LOST AT THE SAME TIME POSSIBLY THROUGH TRAUMA RATHER THAN CARIES OR ABCESSES.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1456|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|"SPINOUS PROCESSES THORACIC VB VERY FRAGMENTED AND COULD NOT BE IDENTIFIED TO SPECIFIC AREA. SOME FACETS EXHIBITED EBURNATION AND PITTING."| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1456|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1456|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1457|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|L5 CLEFT: Cleft/bifid spine, by spinous process of L5, with separation of the neural arches.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1457|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|RIBS: areas of fine pitted and porpus extra cortical bone overlying the original viceral bone surface, suggesting active chest infection at the time of death. The infections appears to be mainly towards the head but also along the body. there were no changes to the vertebrae and it was therefore not possible to establish whether this was tuberculosis??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1457|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|L MC1+TRAPEZIUM + PHALANGES OF MC1 & 2: Eburnation present on the CMCJ of the L MC1 and the trapezium with extensive lipping to mesial on MC1. Eburnation further present on the distal phalangeal joint of IPHJ of MC1 & MC2.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1457|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1457|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1460|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Periosteal reaction was present on the posterior portion of both femora along the linear aspera and the posterior tibia shaft. The reaction was a fine layer of pitted bone overlying the original cortex. there was no indication of healing and was probabaly active at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1460|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Resiudal rickets. Distinct medial bowing of the L radius and. On the L humerus latissimus dorsi ridge was very pronounced. Both femora had flattening of the heads and marked anterior bowing. The remaining long bones were too fragmented to make any valid observations.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1460|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1460|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1463|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Infectious|Specific Infection|Tuberculosis/brucellosis|POSSIBLE: this is very tentative, as most of the skeletal parts in which TB would manifest in a child are absent. The diagnosis is based on a gross defect of a single 3rd L rib, situated on the sternal end the lesion exhibit gross destruction followed by bony repair almost thin sequestra like around the original bone. Porous bone surrounded the lesion suggestion it may have been active at the time of death. No other ribs were affected. The orbital roof show extensive Cribra orbitalia. Some porosity was apparent on the greater wings of the sphenoid, the outer table of the occipital and possibly on the palatal area of the maxilla. It is unclear whether these reactions were linked to the processes causing the lesions of the rib or other disorder. TB appear to be able to show localized manifestation according to salter (1999, 227) showing a healed primary lesion of TB in a young adult.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1463|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1463|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1465|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1465|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1470|UNSEXED CHILD|UNCLASSIFIED SUB-ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|4| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1470|UNSEXED CHILD|UNCLASSIFIED SUB-ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|4| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1472|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1472|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1474|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|Bony spicular protuberance present on the margins of foramen magum, anterior of the right occipital condyle. the protuberance was situated anterior of capsule attachment of the atlanto occipital joint and the pharyngeal raphe. 17mm inferiorly.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1474|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1474|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1474|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|Marked ridges present on buccal aspect of L mandibular premolar.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1478|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Residual rickets: Lateral bowing of the central shaft of the right ulna. this seems to be unilateral. Anterior bowing on the central portion of the shaft of both femora are likewise present. none of the metaphyses were affected and the rickets appeared healed at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1478|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1478|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1481|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1481|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1483|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1483|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1484|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1484|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1490|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|extranumary vertebra (L6)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1490|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1490|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1494|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1494|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1495|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1495|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1498|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1498|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1501|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1501|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1503|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1503|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1505|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|(Cont from paget's disease)The bone is dense and affects the entire vertebra with dense bone present in the spinous process. The heights of the vertebrae were not reduced as may be seen in paget's (Ortner 2003, 438). The manubrium was likewise pumice like. The ribs were again porotic and the bone dense causing almost complete obliteration of the trabecular bone towards the head, this effect tapers out towards the sternal end of the ribs where the bone appears normal. All ribs alson exhibit a very marked inferior rib with "grooving" on the visceral surface. The Scapulae and clavicles are both affected, displaying a dense bone mass and porous outer surface, whilst only the left humerus appear affected with increased bone density. Both humeri again have the pumice like appearance on the outer cortex, particularly prominent on the proximal portion around the head.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1505|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|Craniotomy of the skull. The cut marks showed that the saw used had a relatively thick blade, which had "slipped" on several occasion in the attempt to perform the calvarium cut, in particular around the occipital bone. The endocranial part of the bone had irregular edges, suggesting that the skullcap was sawn all the way around with the last few millimetres being chiselled to remove the cap. The saw thickness appeared to be consistent suggesting that only one type was used. It is possible that this autopsy was performed in order to examine the pathological changes of paget's. A very fine cut mark ran across the parietal bones in a media-lateral direction. This may be another "slip" mark, rather than an actual attempt to cut the bone in this area. One lower rib had a very smooth cut though no clear cut-marks were noted.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1505|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Raised porotic bone overlying the original cortex was present on the lateral portion of the orbital roof. It is possible that this was a localised infection rather than a metabolic disorder as the right eye orbit was not affected, or it may be related to the paget's disease?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1505|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|5 (Outgrowth in trabecular form from the outer table surface)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1505|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1505|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Miscellaneous|Pagets disease|The skeleton exhibited diffuse pumice like reaction on the cortical bone surface as well as dense osteoscelrotic reactions of most bones present. The skull was dense and thickened, though no bony nodular masses in the diploe were present. The density was granular in appearance. The facial region did not appear affected though porous bone was present above the eye orbits of the frontal bone. On the endocranial portion of the skull pitted irregular bone had formed to the posterior portion of the parietal bones. The appearance was fine porous bone with larger pitting and raised area of fine nodules. The outer tables showed an area of porotic bone, which affects the posterior portion similar to the area on the endocranial surface. The appearance on the outer table is fine porotic bone with pumice like appearance. The Occipital bone was likewise pumice like on the outer portion around the foramen magnum. An angulated bony protuberance was present on the basilar bone pointing in an anterior direction. The Vertebrae were all affected and also had the external pumice like appearance as described above.(cont gen path)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1505|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|One possible healed fracture on the 1st right rib on the central portion of the shaft. The other rib exhibited a healed fracture by the head. Both fractures were well healed with no major overlap but slight swelling on bother the visceral and the external surface.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1507|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Mandible: fine periosteal pitting situated along both left and right ramus extending along the base below the mental foramen where after it extends upwards. on the inside this extended below the mylohoid line. the layer appeared as a fine pitted sheet overlying the cortical bone. on the palate of the maxilla the pitting is extensive covering the whole paletine area. no other reaction is seen in the skull or post cranial| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1507|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1507|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1509|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1509|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1509|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Well healed fracture of 1 central L rib. Smooth swelling situated on central portion of body.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1511|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1511|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1513|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Anterior bowing of both femora on the proximal aspect of the shaft and thinning in a mediolateral direction. Lateral bowing was present of the L proximal tibia and both fibulae displayed marked bowing. the rickets was not active and no changes were noted on the epiphyses. It is most likely that the individaul had suffered from Rickets at a younger age.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1513|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1513|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|1| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1515|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Other|Ankylosis|Ankylosis of the right sacroilliac joint along the superior border. Unable to determine if biulateral as r joint missing. May be associated with the above fractures.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1515|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1515|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1515|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Healed fractures of 3 left rib heads (6-9th rib??). the heads were poorly healed with extensive bony reaction around the injuries though there was no sign of any infection. The fractures appeaed to have affected Serratus Anterior and caused a facet to form on the superior anterior angle of the L scapula. The extensive lipping of C6 may also be an affect of this injury as the long thoracic nerve(C5-7) was associated with serratus anterior.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1517|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|(cont from rickets) Marked flaring present on the sternal end of all ribs continuing almost 1cm up the shaft. All long bones are affected. The humeri display flared proximal metaphyses and flattened head. Both the ulnae and the radii display distinct and marked flaring of the distal metaphysesThe femora exhibit flattened heads and flaring of the distal ends with "slit-strut" anatomy present along the borders of the distal metaphyses. The tibiae are angulated in a mesial direction with flaring. All metaphyses present display marked porosity on the metaphyseal ends with deep penetrating cavities into the trabecular bone, especially marked on the femora. Bending of the leg bones was only slight and most apparent in the fibulae. The femora showed slight anterior bending. The changes described above are consistent with active rickets. The changes are very marked and this may have been a prolonged condition. No other changes were noted.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1517|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Fine porous changes are present on the superior lateral portion of the right maxillary region. The maxilla appears very porous though this could be due to post-mortem changes.The ramus around the mylohoid sulcus and mandibular foramen is very porous and though this may be post-mortem it is very clearly confined to this area, suggesting that the bone structure here may have been particularly poor. The orbital roofs are very porous and appear to have outgrowth of bone mainly on the anterior and lateral portion of the roof. The cruciform eminence of the occipital bone shows some changes with a fine layer of cortical bone growth extending along the borders of the transverse sulcus. Fine porous bone immediately below the scapular spine. The bone is very porous along the supraspinous border, though this may be post-mortem? Pitting is present on the sternal end similar to the pitting seen in the long bones (cont gen path.)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1517|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin C Deficiency|Scurvy|ADDITIONAL DIAGNOSIS (POSSIBLE) SEE DESCRIPTION IN "RICKETS"| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1517|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|5 (Outgrowth in trabecular form from the outer table surface)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1517|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|5 (Outgrowth in trabecular form from the outer table surface)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1519|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|complete sacralization of L6| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1519|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1519|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1521|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Erosive Arthropathy|Other (Joints - Erosive Arthropathy_|Erosive lesions present on the mediodistal portion of both MT1's. These multiple lytic scooped out lesions were relatively small 4-5mm . The location and the nature of the lesions suggest that tHese may be associated with Gout??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1521|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|The sternal end of the R clavicle and the manumbrium displayed an area of ragged irregular bony outgrowth with extensive pitting to the joint surface suggesting that the capsule attachment of the joint was ruputred. One intermediate phlange of the L hand had a bony nodule on the central dorsal surface of the shaft, porbabaly associated with an open wound to the soft tissue.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1521|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|The section 4th lumbar vertebrae displayed a very open and porous trabecular structure in the centrum of the vertebral body. the height of the vertebrae appeared diminished though it did not display any wedging.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1521|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1521|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1521|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Multiple fractures. Fractures of the r hand were present in mc1&2. Mc1 displayed significant shortening with dorsal flattening to the head (distal). The flattening produced a concave surface where a small rounded lesion was present. The head of the mc2 was with a bony protuberance to lateral suggesting a fracture along the margins of the articulation. Both hand bones were very well healed with no apparent swelling or infection. Another soft tissue injury was present in a prox. Phalange of the l foot. Again the injury was situated at the head. Causing warping and osteophytic lipping to to the distal potion of the bone. Both fibulae were fractured; the right had a well-healed oblique fracture to the prox 3rd of the shaft. The L had a transverse fracture, 40mm above the distal joint. The shaft below the fracture was irregular suggesting damage to the soft tissue. The r femur had a very poorly reduce midshaft fracture causing the dist. Shaft to unite to the prox. portion on the posterior portion at angle causing reduction of 60mm in bone length. Bony outgrows forming voids between the proximal and distal shaft united the fracture, which appeared to be oblique in nature.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1523|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1523|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1525|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|"ENTHESOPATHIES PRESENT ON BOTH ANTERIOR PATELLAS"| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1525|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Bilateral congenital fusion of DIP of MT5.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1525|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Interpersonal Violence|Sharp force trauma (edged implement) unhealed|| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1525|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1525|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1526|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|The skull was fragmented. A very poorly performed craniotomy had been attempted on the skull. The edges of the cut did not display any obvious cut marks but was sloping and irregular. It is not entirely certain that a calvarium was performed though parts of the border had flattened straight edges. Very fine saw mark were present on what appears to be a fragment of frontal bone. Another fragment of occipital bone had two slightly deeper cut marks. The occipital bone had further been cut immediately posterior of the temporal bone in order to remove the occipital portion of the skull. None of the long bones or hand and feet had been severed. The Ribs all had severed heads. Several severed fragments of costal facets of the transverse processes were present and were likely to have been cut when removing the ribs. The removal of the vertebrae must have continued into the cervical regions as fragments of cut cervical vertebrae were present. The pelvis of this individual was not autopsied however two fragments of auricular surface were present believed to belong to a second individual. It is possible that these were reburied this individual to dispose if the remains.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1526|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|One ribs displayed a fine periosteal reaction on the visceral surface of the head by the severed portion. The infection must have been very localised as no other ribs displayed such reaction.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1526|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1526|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1528|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1528|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1533|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1533|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1537|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Active rickets: The arms displayed marked flaring and cupping of the distal radii and ulnae. The radii further appeared to have suffered marked angulated resorption to the head. The ulnae were bowed in an anterior mesial direction whilst none of the other bones expressed bowing. The proximal R humerus was flared and had scooped and pitted lesions to the metaphysis. The ribs were too fragmented to observe. The r femoral head had a flattened head and the mesial/posterior angulation of the distal tibiae was extremely marked with extensive flaring and pitting to the metaphysis.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1537|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1537|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1537|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Porotic hyperostosis|SKULL: porotic reaction on ectocranial portion of the skull. The skull was very fragmented making exact location difficult. but the main porotic bone growth appeared to be situated on around the temporal bones. the appeareance was a fine layer of pitted bone overlying the original cortex as well as some porosity penetrating the original cortex. may be associated with the rickets?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1539|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|3| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1539|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|3| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1539|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Porotic hyperostosis|Fine isolated foramina situated on the frontal bone superior of the orbital ridges. This individual also had cribra orbitalia which may be associated.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1541|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|right side bifid rib head preserved extending into two shafts. very little was preserved and it is unclear whether the shaft eventaually separated or whether they may have fused along the entire length of the shaft.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1541|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1541|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1543|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|"MARKED ENTHESOPATHIES ON THE TIBIAL TUBEROSITIES AND ANTERIOR PORTION OF THE PATALLAE.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1543|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Other (Trauma - Accidental)|HALUX VULGUS PRESENT ON THE R MT1| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1543|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Other (Metabolic - General)|GREATER SPHENOID WING. inferior and lateral portion of L GSW displayed marked porosity. The R side was affected in the same area but to a lesser degree. The cause was unclear. It was noted that the individuals was compreletly adentolous. In children this area is particular affected in scuvy and it was considered whether the porosity may be an effect of a metabolic disorder??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1543|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Partially fused R Bifid cuneiform. and congenital fusion of the R 5th DIP joint| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1543|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|ACROMIOCLAVICULAR joints affected bilaterally. WRIST: Bilateral OA of the 1st CMC joint. On the right side the lunate, trapezium and capitate was affected with eburnatio, most extensively the trapezium, which was deformed and displayed marked lipping. On L hand the trapezium, triquetral, trapezoidan and scaphoid was affected. Marked OA present on joint surface causing the proximal phalange to distort in a lateral direction. Marked marginal lipping to mesial of the distal joint surface of mt1. oa was also present on l mtp joint of mt1 but had not distorted the position of the prox phalange.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1543|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1543|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1543|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Fracture of nasal bones affecting the most anterior portion. where on segments of bone on Right side has fused to the nasal bone. Fracture mainly affected right side.3 RIB fractures present on the on 1 R central rib and 1 central L rib as well as 1 L lower false rib. All situated on the central portion of the body.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1546|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|(cont from healed fractures) The lesions were rounded and smooth and probably caused by slight lateral displacement of the head. An intra-articular fracture was present on the lateral articulation of the right proximal tibia, running diagonally across the epiphysis from the articular facet for the fibula to the tubercle of the intercondylar eminence. The fracture appears to have caused a slip of the anterior portion, which was depressed downwards. The fracture was very well healed with diffuse lipping around the area of the injury. There was no pitting or porosity around the injury. The proximal portion of the right fibula (articulation absent) displayed a healed fracture of the metaphysis causing slight angulation of the shaft and an oval lesion of non-union to lateral.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1546|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Sclerotic periosteal reaction was present bilaterally on the tibiae along the interossous border commencing at the nutrient foramen and extending approximately 150mm to distal. The bone was smooth in appreance with a pitted surface, on the right tibia areas of diffuse porosity was present, though this looked healed or at least in the process of healing.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1546|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific osteitis|The left ulna exhibited smooth swelling to the distal 1/3 of the shaft. The swelling was sclerotic in appearance tough with very slight pitting on the swollen area. The swelling was most prominent to mesial and posterior and appeared to be well healed.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1546|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Interpersonal Violence|Blunt force trauma (incl depressed cranial fracture) healed|The area of possible blunt force trauma is situated above the right portion of the neucral crest, 30mm from the inion protuberance. The injury measures 15x10mm, with a very slight indentation of approx 2mm. The bone around the possible injury is smooth with no bony reaction.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1546|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1546|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1546|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|A total of three ribs were fractures, one was fractured in two places one immediately anterior of the angle and one towards the sternal end. The fracture towards the angle exhibited swelling and fine pitting and hence appeared to be more recent than the fracture towards the sternal end, which was swollen but completely smooth. The other two ribs were fractures approx 70mm from the angle on the central portion of the shaft, some porosity on the areas of swelling around the injuries were apparent and obviously still in the process of healing. Two metacarpals exhibited well-healed fractures. The right MC3 exhibited a fracture, which extended from the proximal articulation and half way up the shaft. It appears that the styloid process had been fractured, or partially fractured, with a fine hairline injury around the margins of the process extending up the lateral articulation with the mc4. The shaft exhibited swelling on the on the proximal portion to lateral. The injury was fully healed. The right MC5 displayed an injury to the head with marked lesions to the mesial, lateral and palmar portion.(cont gen path)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1547|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Pathological fracture|Well healed Colle's fracture of L distal radius causing the distal portion of the bone to heal at a posterior angle.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1547|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|Osteoporosis present based on the present colle's fracture and the light friable nature of the bones. No apparent vertebral collapse but the ribs appear very angulated and friable.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1547|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1547|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1547|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|CLAY PIPE FACETS BY L MANDIBULAR CANINE & M1.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1547|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Possible nasal fracture, most anterior portion of nasal bone appears flattened, though no obvious fracture line and may simply be part of natural variation??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1549|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Bilateral calcaneal notch| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1549|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|smooth periosteal reaction on visceral surface of two ribs. the reaction was smooth and well intergrated into the original cortical bone and was most likely healed at time of death. the reaction was situated on the contral portion of the body.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1549|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|The skeleton was affected with osteoarthritis of the Spine (see vertebral pathology) R glenohumeral joint No eburnation present but extensive lipping was noted around the head of the humerus. R Radiocarpal joint Extensive lipping and eburnation on the anterior portion of the joint distortioning the lunate bone. R MCPH joints of hand Small area of eburnation present on MC1 to lateral and MC3. L 1st CMC joint and MCPH joints of MC1&5 Left CMC joint along palmar border, MCPh joint of MC1 and 5 as well as interphalangeal eburnation. L Hip joint Extensive widening of the acetabulum with gross lipping along the margins and eburnation in the central portion of the acetabular joint. The femoral head had marked lipping around the femoral head most marked on the inferior portion. Eburnation was widespread with pitting on the superior portion of the head. R lateral femorotibial joint Whole surface effected with eburnation and marked grooving. R femoropatellar joint Gross lipping present but absence of eburnation. The patella biparte may have exasperated the OA? Left 1st MTPH Joint Eburnation and mild pitting of plantar portion of the 1st MTPH joint.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1549|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Other|Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)|Possible early stage of DISH. No complete fusion but candle wax bonegrowth on the L lateral portion on the bodies of T10-12. The disc space integrity was not affected and facets remained unfused suggesting that this may be associated with DISH?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1549|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Other|Ankylosis|Left sacroiiliac joint fused along superior and anterior borders, articulation appear unaffected. May be secondary to the OA of the hip.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1549|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1549|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1551|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|partial bridging of 3rd right rib. facet present on central portion of shaft. one upper rib was very angulated at almost 90 degrees by head.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1551|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1551|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1558|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|"ENTHSOPATHIES WERE PRESENT ON THE OLECRANEON OF BOTH ULNAE SUGGESTING EXTENSIVE USE OF TRICEPS."| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1558|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Erosive Arthropathy|Other (Joints - Erosive Arthropathy_|Erosive lesions were present on distal articulation of the R MT5. Present as elongated irregular lesions on the actual articulating surface.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1558|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|Dissection of the chest was evident from the cut to the sternal rib ends (approx. 25mm from the end) fine cut marks were noted along the severed margins. The sternal end of the R clavicle had been severed through whilst the L only the inferior margin had been sawn . The latter cut appeared incomplete and most have presented an akward angle. No dissection to the skull had been performed and no other bones carried any evidence of an autopsy.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1558|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Eburnation was present on the R mt5 PIJ affected with erosive lesions to the head. the eburnation was situated on the central portion of the head. Ossified ligament was present in area of R flexor accessorius. Marginal lipping was present on both distal MC1's most marked on the L. Though no eburnation was present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1558|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1558|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1558|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|nasal and rib fractures. Two healed rib fractures were present on the R one was situated on a central rib at the angle and on the L on the central shaft of one false rib. The nasal fracture was situated on the inferior portion of the nasal bone forming a half mmon shape. the fracture was well healed though some lateral distortion was present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1560|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1560|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1562|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1562|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1563|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Fine pitted periosteal reaction on the visceral surface of the ribs situated around the angle and central portion of the shaft. On the right 1st rib the reaction is present on both the superior and inferior portion towards the sternal end.|PAPER RECORD MADE Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1563|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Specific Infection|Treponematosis (Treponema sp.)|multiple bones affected with classic changes of trponematosis. See PBR|PAPER RECORD MADE Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1563|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|Partially fused notch of bone on rim of Left acetabulum in area of reflected head of Rectus femoris, possibly a dislodgement of bone due to strain or pulling of this muscle. Rounded lesions present on the talus articulation with the tibia situated along the medial border. These lesions cold well be post mortem though the lesions on the left appear rounded with sclerotic margins.|PAPER RECORD MADE Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1563|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)|PAPER RECORD MADE Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1563|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)|PAPER RECORD MADE Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1563|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|One well healed fracture with swelling around injury present anterior to the angle of a right central rib. Another fracture present on a right proximal phalange on the proximal intra-articular surface to medial.|PAPER RECORD MADE Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1564|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1564|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1566|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|5 (Outgrowth in trabecular form from the outer table surface)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1566|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|5 (Outgrowth in trabecular form from the outer table surface)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1570|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Scoliosis|Marked scoliosis of the spine, lower thoracic vertebrae are wedgeshaped causing the spine to bend in a lateral left direction whilst the lumbar spine showed only little or no wedging the lipping on the facets were present on the opposite side with the spine leaning in a right direction probabaly to compensate for the severe weding of the thoracic. the right ribs were bent by the angle to form a marked U-shape . The left ribs are S-Shaped.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1570|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|The viscral surface of the right ribs display a dense pitted extra cortical layer of bone laid down in the area of the angle the lack of porosity sugget that the infection was not active at the time of death. Similar reaction was not noted on the let rib fragments.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1570|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1570|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1572|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1572|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1574|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1574|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1578|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|bilateral congenital fusion of 5th DIP| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1578|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1578|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1580|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1580|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1582|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|OCCIPITAL & LESSER WINGS OF SPHENOID: Fine periosteal bone growth along the groove for the transverse sinus on the endocranial surface of the occipital bone and on the superior surface of the lesser wings of the sphenoid. the periosteaql growth appears as fine pitted bone inbeeded into the original cortex.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1582|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|R HUM: Possible rupture of latissimus dorsi. Small spicule of bone protruding 1.5mm outwards on the medial lip of the intertubcle groove. smooth sclerotic bone is present in teh actual groove itself lateral to the spicular bone.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1582|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1582|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1584|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1584|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1586|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1586|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1588|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Bilateral periosteal reaction on both tibiae, situated on the lower portion of the proximal shaft. Reaction was well intergrated into the original cortex as longintudenal striae. Healed at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1588|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1588|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1589|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1589|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1591|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Bilateral eburnation present on the 1st MCPJ along the lateral border of the joint surface. on the L hand eburnation was further present on the trapezoidn and pisiform. Mild lipping was present on all other joint surfaces but no eburnation. The feet were also affected bilateral eburnation was present on the 1st MTPJ. Most severly affected was the R MT1 and phalange, which exhibited extensive eburnation and marked osteophytic lipping on the plantar aspect of the joint.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1591|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1591|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1591|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|underbite. Wear facet present on labial aspect of upper central incisors. further asymetrical wear present on the lingual apect if the central lower incisors.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1599|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1599|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1601|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|New periosteal bone formation present on the anterior aspect of the paletal area, with marked porosity. May have been caused by the same condition which caused marked cribra orbitalia??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1601|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|3| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1601|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|3| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1604|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1604|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1606|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|fusion of L 5th distal interhlangeal joint on L foot. calcaneal noth present on the L calcaneum.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1606|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific osteitis|Depression on the cortical surface to anterior. No sequestra or cloacae present. The posterior portion displayed more ragged bony outgrowth along the linear aspera. It is possible that this could be either sclerosing osteomyelitis or syphilis?? Both tibiae displayed a small area of periosteal reaction on the lateral portion of the mid shaft, in from of smooth longitudenal striae. The proximal tibiofibular facets both dispayed extensive marginal lipping and widening and must have been exposed to pressure possibly due to the infection, which may have caused restricted gait.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1606|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Specific Infection|Treponematosis (Treponema sp.)|DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS (see description under non-specific osteoitis)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1606|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1606|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1606|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Possible interarticular fracture of the R lateral femorotibial joint. A shallow thumb sized depression was present along the posterior border of the joint with fine lines radiating from the depression. It is possible that this may be associated with the infection of the femoral shaft, though the joints were not affected there may have been a soft tisuue injury in association?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1608|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|L6 present bilaterally non-articualing. No ala-like wings.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1608|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Other|Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)|Right sided fusion of t4-12. Typical fusion of candlewax apperance. Disc space integrity preserved and articulating facets remain unaffected. enthsopahies present on the posterior and plantar portion of both calcaneii. Enthesopathies were likewise pronounced on the anterior portion of the patellae. Ankylosis of the superior margin of the sacroiliac joint and complete remodelling of the auricular surface.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1608|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|Small (19x15mm) triangular shaped "sheet" of bone situated on the medial epicondyle of the left femur. there was no sign of infection and probably represents the tear the tibial collateral ligament.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1608|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1608|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1608|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Pagets disease|The pelvis was very heavy and from a post mortem damage of the pubic symphysis the trabecular structure of the bone appeared dense and remodelled. X ray compared to normal pelvis may reveal whether the structure is abnormal.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1608|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Two well healed L rib fractures with smooth swelling around the area of injury. one injury was just posterior of sternal end the other just anterior of the angle.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1610|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Kyphosis|see [compression fracture], none of the other vertebrae appear particularly affected by the compression fracture.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1610|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Compression fracture (vertebrae)|Complete fusion of centrum of T5-6 with reduction of height along the anterior margin by approx 8mm, which may indicate a compresion fracture causing kyphosis of the spine. this is possibly associated with osteopenia/osteoporosis as this is an elderly woman.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1610|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|possible osteoporosis based on compression fracture of the T5-6 see [see compression fracture]| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1610|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1610|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1611|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Other (Metabolic - General)|the greater sphenoid wings appeared to display an abnormal amount of large pitted foramina. This may be associated with the advanced cribra orbitalia. both bilateral.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1611|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|4 (Foramina have linked into a trabecular structure)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1611|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|4 (Foramina have linked into a trabecular structure)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1613|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Trauma|Interpersonal Violence|Blunt force trauma (incl depressed cranial fracture) healed|small circular depression on the frontal bone 31mm superior of the glabella. The depression is shallow and measured ~10x10mm. the area was smooth though fine pitting was present in the concavity and a layer of new bone growth present on the left portion.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1613|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1613|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1616|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1616|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1617|MALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1617|MALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1619|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1619|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1619|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Histiocytosis-X|Two adjacent rounded lytic lesions present on the right squarmos temporal bone. The edges were bevelled on the endocranial portion. Further lesion present on the left portion of the mandible in the area of the 1st molar. This lesion likewise appears bevelled internally. All lesions displayed sharp edges and there was no sign of any bony repair. The cerebral surface of the greater wings of the sphenoids display marked "cupping" though the lesion had not yet penetrated the bone. No other area of the skeleton appears affected cranially or post cranially.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1621|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|"EXCESSIVE PRODUCTION OF CARTILAGE APPARENTLY SITUATED ON BY THE LOWER R RIBS. THE OSSIFIED CARTILAGE ARE NODULAR SHEETS OF BONE, WHICH APPEAR TO BE EBURNATED. ON BOTH SIDES. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THESE WERE OVERLAPPING CAUSING FRICTION BETWEEN THE OSSIFIED NODULAR PLATES?"| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1621|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Bilateral OA on the acromioclavicluar joints, pitting was pronounced though no lipping present. Eburnation present on the anterior central margin of the joint. Eburnation and pitting present on the costal foveae of T12, which was likey to be associated with the sheeted fragments of ossified cartilage present by the lower right ribs as described in general pathology section.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1621|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1621|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1621|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|3 ribs with well healed fractures situated on what appears to be situated on the posterior portion near the head of at least one rib.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1623|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Infectious|Specific Infection|Tuberculosis/brucellosis| BOTH AURICULAR SURFACES OF THE INNOMENATE BONES ARE DISPLAYED SMALL CIRCUMSRIBED LYTIC LESIONS . THE SURFACE APPEAR ERODED. NO OTHER AREA OF THE PELVIS WERE AFFECTED. THOUGH NO OTHER SKELETAL ELEMETS WERE AFFCTED INCL THE VERTEBRAE IT WAS CONSIDERED THE BRUCELLOSIS (ORTNER 2003,218) MAY BE AN OPTION THOUGH THIS APPARENTLY RARELY AFFECTED CHILDREN IN THE HIP JOINT. IT WAS THUS CONSIDERED THAT TB MIGHT BE THE DIAGNOSIS AS THE HIP JOINT IS THE SECOND MOST (COMMONLY AFFECTED JOINT IN CHILDREN (1-5 YEARS) (ORTNER 2003,229). OR POTENTIALLY DEVELOPMENTAL. BILATERAL EXTENSIVE FINE PITTING ON THE POSTERIOR PORTION OF THE MANDIBULAR FOSSAE.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1623|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1623|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1625|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1625|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1627|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Metabolic|Vitamin C Deficiency|Scurvy|very tentative but possible: marked outgrowth or porous pitted bone on the orbital roof bilateral. bilateral the supraspinous fossa of the scapulae appear to exhibit abnormal pitting and enlarged pit. there are no marked changes on the GSW or the mandible though slight porous changes may have been present. The long bones and ribs did not display any abnormal changes.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1627|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|4 (Foramina have linked into a trabecular structure)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1627|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|4 (Foramina have linked into a trabecular structure)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1629|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1629|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1631|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1631|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1634|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|The 3 rib shafts present displayed a layer of diffuse bony nodules on the visceral surface. These were very fine and integrated into the original cortex. The L tibia displayed mild sclerotic periosteal reaction on the central medial portion of the shaft. The layer was smooth and integrated into the original cortex and was probabaly not active at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1634|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|secondary Oa. Eburnation present on the L talocrual joint and the on the inferior margin on the head of the L MT1.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1634|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1634|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1634|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Intraarticular fracture of the talocrual joint and the distal tibiofibular joint. The Injury extended along the posterior margin and the medial malleolus with radiating fracture lines. extensive marginal lipping was present to posterior. The fractureline on the distal fibula ran from the superior central margin to anterior in a pox/dist direction. Marked anterior lipping joined with anterior lipping of the tibia.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1635|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|Craniotomy: removal of skull cap. fine cut marks by temporal portion of the bone. the point of breakage was on the right occipital bone immidiately right of the external occipital protuberance.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1635|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|OA OF SPINE, R CMC JOINT: eburnation, pitting and extensive lipping on the 1st CMC joint of the R hand.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1635|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1635|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1635|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|IRREGULAR WEAR OF DENTITION. L SIDED DISPLAYED VERTICAL WEAR, POSSIBLY IN UPPER AND LOWER DENTITION, POSSIBLY ASSOCIATED WITH PIPE SMOKING (PIPE FACETS)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1635|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|RIBS, L MT3; Fracture of 5 right central and lower ribs, sitauted on the central portion of the body. All fractrues were well healed though some overlapp had occured causing ragged borders at point of fracture. Well healed fracture present on central shaft of the L MTT3. Swelling and minor overlap was present with some porosity present to lateral of the fracture point.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1637|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Erosive Arthropathy|Other (Joints - Erosive Arthropathy_|DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS SEE OSTEOARTHRITIS| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1637|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis| Eburnation present on the carpals ( R scaphoid,R Trapezoid, R capitate, R pisiform and R hamate, L trapezium). Marked eburnation was present on one R DIP joint with marked grooving and pitting. The feet we also affected on the 1st MTPH Joints ,mainly on the right side. Destructive lesions were widespread in the hands and seemed to be more prevelant than bony build up, suggesting perhaps an erosive arthropathy.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1637|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1637|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1639|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1639|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1641|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1641|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1645|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Biateral active perisoteal infection on extending 6cm up from the medial maleolus. This appeared as a thick porous and pitted layer not affecting the original cortex. No other areas persent displayed any infection| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1645|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1645|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1647|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1647|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1649|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1649|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1651|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1651|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1653|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|PATELLA: Large circular lesion (4.8mm diameter) present on the distal portion of the L patella. the lesion penetrated into the bone 14mm and was very rounded and smooth in appearance. there was no sign of any osteoclastic activity and no porosity around the area. I may be an infective lesion but due to lack of reactive bone it was decided that this may be a congenital defect.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1653|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|4 (Foramina have linked into a trabecular structure)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1653|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|4 (Foramina have linked into a trabecular structure)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1653|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|1 RIB: Well healed fracture to angle of right lower rib no pitting or porosity present only slight swelling around the injury.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1655|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Enlarged right head on mandibular ramus with lipping and actual thickening of the neck from anterior view. The right ramus is 12mm higher than the left and appeared to be a congenital defect ?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1655|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1655|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1655|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|partially healed right rib . trauma occured immidiately posterior to the sternal end and has produced extensive new bone formation around the trauma, appearing as pitted and porous bone. It appears that the injury was in the process of healing at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1657|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Non specific perisosteal reaction on posterior and mesial portion of the L tibia along the lower 2/3 of the shaft. The reaction was a porpous thin layer which appeared to overly the original cortical bone. A similar reaction was seen on one small bone fragment (Possibly mandible) though this appeared more active and agressive with a more porous appearance overlying the original cortex.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1657|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1657|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1659|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1659|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1662|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1662|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1667|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 7-11 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1667|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 7-11 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1667|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 7-11 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Histiocytosis-X|Oval lesions with endocranial bevelled edges present on both pars lateralis, situated in area of jugular tubercle. On the L pars lateralis the bony destruction left an oval lesion with non -sclerotic margins measuring 9x5 mm. On the R the lesions is smaller (4x2mm) but maintaining the bevelled edges endocranially. on the L squarmotemporal bone a damaged border posterior of the auditoury meatus had a rounded lesion with non-sclerotic margins and bevelling on the endocranial aspect. None of the other cranial bone or postcrania displayed any such changes. the texture of the bone had a very porous pommice like feel.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1669|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Erosive Arthropathy|Other (Joints - Erosive Arthropathy_|Large rounded lesions w sclerotic margins present on the scaphoid of the R hand and Lunate on both hands. these may well be natural lesions, though these did appear larger than anticipated for this to be the case.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1669|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|L FEMORPATELLAR joint affected. Eburnation present on the lateral anterior portion.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1669|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1669|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1671|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1671|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1673|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1673|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1673|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Miscellaneous|Spondylolisthesis|Possible spondylolisthesis of L4. Non-union of the spinous process and the inferior articular facets casuing ebunation in area of non union. the left anterior border of the L5 display necrosis of the vertebral body as well as heavy lipping believed to have been caused by slippage of L4 due to lack of anchoring.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1673|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|possible very well healed fracture of R MC1. Reduction in height had occured when compared with the left side, also the shaft display marked bowing in a dorsal direction. There are no obvious lines of fracture or healing??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1675|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|RIBS: Ribs severly affected on the viceral surface by the sternal end. The extra bone growth appeared as ragged raised spicules overlying the original cortex on one fragment. On another fragment the growth was pitted and dense also on the viceral surface. Unfortunately only few fragments were present| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1675|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1675|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1680|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Erosive Arthropathy|Other (Joints - Erosive Arthropathy_|Possible erosive arthropathy. Most severe in the L foot. Gross dectruction of the articulating joint surface. The whole surface of the MTPJ were affeceted ib MT2, MT3 and the secon and third cuneiforms. The surfaces displayed multiple fine scalloped lesions on the surface. None of the original joint surface remained. There was no sign of any bony repair on the actual surface but lipping and new disorganised bone was present on the doral portion of both cuneiforms affected. MT1 appeared unaffected, whilst MT4 & 5 did not have any observable joint surfaces present. No fusion of the joint surface had occured as may have been expected from a septic arthritis. The Right foot was affected to a much lesser degree with some bone destruction of the MT joint between MT3 & MT4. These bones were also affected with periosteal new bone formation on the dorsal surface of MT4. Marginal lipping was present on the tarsals and MT5.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1680|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Kyphosis|Anterior reduction of vertebral body height was persent in T7-8. These VB further exhibited large schmorl's nodes. The reduction is most likely associated with spinal load bearing than an actual congenital condtion.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1680|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Dense new boneformation on both distal tibiae. Longitudenal striae running mesial and posterior aspect of the central and distal shafts overlying the original cortex. There was no obvious active bone formation present. No joint involvement present. it is possible that this was related to the changes seen in the foot joint , suggested to be and inflamation of the synovium fluid.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1680|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1680|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1682|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Residual rickets. 90 degree angulation of femoral neck. Marked mediolateral flattening of the the tibiae with bowing in a mesial direction and very pronounced frontal crest. The individual further had pronounced cribra orbitalia and dental hypoplasia. scattered fine foramina were present on the frontal bone around the orbital margins and lateral aspect of the greater sphenoid wings. The orbits appeared slightly malformed and elongated.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1682|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|4| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1682|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|4| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1683|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1683|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1685|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|RIBS: irregular woven bone on the visceral surface of 9 rib fragmenents. these appeaed to be mainly towards the head on the right side. the new bonegrowth overly the original cortex in an disorganised manner and diplayed fine pitting on the surface, appearing active at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1685|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1685|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1687|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|small area of eburnation present on the R PIP on the lateral palmar border . slight marginal lipping presnet. non of the other hand bones present exhibited any OA| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1687|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1687|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1689|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Scoliosis|Scoliosis of the spine (partly preserved T10-S5). Lateral R reduction in vertebral height on of T12-L3 causing severe curvature of the thoracic and lumbar spine. The L had formed an additional facet which articulated with the L iliac crest to compensate for the imbalance. Articulated L3 was wedged into an unnatural angle causing mal-alignment of the body of L3 to the left of L4. Marginal lipping was present along the vertebral borders of reduction. The articulating facets displayed extensive OA with eburnation, lipping and marked pitting. The ribs did not appear malformed despite the advanced scoliosis. It is possible that this was less pronounced above the lumbar region and therefore less likely to have a severe impact on the ribs.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1689|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1689|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1689|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|3 healed rib fractures were present on 3 rib fragments. all were well healed with swelling and spicular bone around the area of injury but no severe malalignment.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1691|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|L6 present unfused| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1691|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|Possible osteoporosis/osteopenia?: based on the sectioned L4 the trabecular structure was very coarse and open. The ribs were very light and friable. No fractures associated with osteoporosis were observed in the observable arm and vertebral bones..Reduction in vertebral body height was observed between c3-4 where the anterior bodies were collapsed and displayed extensive lipping extending 110mm outward from the anterior border of the bodies.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1691|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1691|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1693|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Other (Metabolic - General)|It is unclear whether this individual suffered from a metabolic disorder. Abnormal pitting appeared to be present along the supraspinous fossa of the right scapula. Porosity and build up of extra-cortical bone was present. This was also noted in the left scapula but to a much lesser degree. Due to the aggressive cribra it was thought that this may be associated with a metabolic disorder, and the changes described may be seen in scurvy. The gr.sphenoid wings and the max and mandible however appeaed to be normal.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1693|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|congenital fusion of the intermediate and distal phlange of the left 5th digit.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1693|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|2X CALCANEA: Both calcanea displayed an area of porous active extracortical reaction on the medial surface (anterior of the medial process). the bone was disorganised and exhibit extensive pitting but is confined to this portion of the bone only. none of the other foot bones were affected| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1693|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin C Deficiency|Scurvy|DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS (SEE METABOLIC GENERAL)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1693|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|4 (Foramina have linked into a trabecular structure)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1693|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|4 (Foramina have linked into a trabecular structure)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1695|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|eburnation on the PIP of R mc1. Present on the lateral margin.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1695|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1695|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1695|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Well healed fracture on L central rib on the central portion of the shaft. Swelling of bone around area of injury.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1699|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|BIFID RIB LEFT 1ST & 2ND. The heads were seperate with fusion occuring immidiately after and along the entire length of the shaft.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1699|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1699|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1701|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1701|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1703|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Other (Congenital-Skull Malformation)|Torticollis or wryneck: twisting of the head causing flattening of the right occipital bone and a bulge on the left occipital. There was twisting of the visceral cania and and the L zygomatic was more inferior that the rigtht. A difference in occipital condyle height was very apparent with the R side more inferior that the L. The foramen magnum appeared off centre adn the mandible was assymetrical. there was no postmortem damage.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1703|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Fusion of the 5th intermidate and distal phlange of the right foot.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1703|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Smooth perisoteal layer of bone present on the medial portion of the shaft of both tibiae. the apperance of smooth longitudenal striae suggest that this was a healed periosteal reaction.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1703|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|eburnation and slight lipping present on the lateral border of the 1st MCPH joint| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1703|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1703|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1707|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Eburnation present on right triquetral (from the hamate aspect) and on the right trapezium (from the MC-2 base aspect). Extensive eburnation on the articular facets of the left patella with striated grooving evident on the lateral articular facet. Extensive lipping can be detected on the vertebral column, particularly on the interior articular facets of the C6, C7 and thoracic vertebrae (see vertebral pathology).| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1707|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|Well healed colle's fracture of right radius (see healed fracture) which indicates osteoporosis. Swelling can be noted of the distal posterior surface. Bone appears to flare posteriorly, up to the distal epiphysis which has been lost postmortem. Healed femoral neck fracture of left femur further indicates osteoporosis. Although the femoral head has been lost postmortem, the bone has been remodeled around the femoral neck forming a rough, granular surface. This fracture is evident from the posterior to anterior surface where the upper cortex has swollen. Further evidece of osteoporosis is indicated by the lightness in weight of all the bones. There is, however, no thining of the illiac fossa.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1707|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1707|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1707|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Miscellaneous|Spondylolysis (bilateral)|Bilateral spondylolysis of L5. Separation has occured across the pars interarticularis of both the right and left laminae. No healing can be noted. The four articulating surfaces appear porotic and mild lipping has occured (see osteoarthritis and vertebral path). The broken edges of the bone exhibit considerable remodeling, indicating that the break was long-standing. The frequency of spondylolysis increases with age (Ortner 2003).| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1707|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Healed femoral neck fracture of left femur and healed fracture of distal end of right radius, both indicative of osteoporosis (see alternate pathology).| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1709|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Circulatory|Osteochondroses|Osteochondritis dissicans|rounded lesion situated on the lateral articulating surface of the L patella, measuring 6x6.4mm and a depth of 3.8mm. None of the adjoining joint surfaces were affected.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1709|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1709|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1711|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Erosive Arthropathy|Other (Joints - Erosive Arthropathy_|BILATERAL MT1: smooth rounded multiple marginal erosive cavities present on the distal mesial portion of both MT1's, but most pronounced on the L MT1 where desturuction of the mesial joint surface has occured. The area affecte is consistent with Gout but the lesions appear too rounded and smooth, which does not seem to be the case in gout.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1711|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|TIBIAE: Fine striated periosteal bone growth on the lateral central portion of the shaft along the interosseous border. pitting was limited to the proximal area of the layer. On the L tibia on the distal medail surface was a confined area of striaeted periosteal reaction overlying the original cortex the area was raised and displayed fine pitting over the striae and was prob active at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1711|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Erosive Arthropathy|Gout|DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS (SEE JOINT-EROSIVE ARTHROPATHY)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1711|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1711|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1716|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS. The reason for suggesting surgical intervention was the lump of new bone formation on the left frontal bone which may have caused discomfort and hence requirering some form of surgical intervention. There are however no known paralles of such small "trepanation".| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1716|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Interpersonal Violence|Other (Trauma - Interpersonal Violence)|Small perforation was present on the right pariteal bone measuring 7.4x5.6mm. This was situated along the sagittal suture and displayed healing along the margins on the affected area. on the ectocranial aspect the bone did not display any bevelling or damage of the borders. the endocranial aspect showed an uneven bevelled edge around the borders. The appearance suggested that a sharp implement had penetrated the skull from outside in causing the the ecdocranial bone around the preforation to break on impact. The individual had obviously survived the impact as healing had taken place along the borders. The reason for suggesting surgical intervention was the lump of new bone formation on the left frontal bone (see osteoma) which may have caused discomfort and hence requirering some form of surgical intervention. There are however no known paralles of such small "trepanation".| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1716|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Neoplastic|Bone Tissue|Osteoma (including button osteoma)|Endocranial isolated bony nodule present on the left aspect og the frontal bone along the frontal crest . The bone measured 9.5x4mm and was raised with clearly defined with slight undercutting margins though attached to the cortex. The cause was unclear but could possibly be an osteoma though these are primarily seen on the ectocranial aspect of the skull and are round rather than oval (Ortner 2003,516). It is however not clear whether these can occur on endocranially, it is possible that this change is associated with the condition HFI???| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1716|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1716|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1716|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Hyperostosis frontalis interna|DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS SEE BUTTON OSTEOMA| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1716|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|Gold filling in fissure of right maxillary M1 on mesial aspect of the occlusal surface.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1719|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Other (Congenital-Skull Malformation)|Skull display a elongated square shape, the frontal bone being very broad and flat. A slight raised ridge present in the area of the metopic suture. The occipital bone is sitting very low causing an extended parital section.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1719|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Slight Eburnation present on the MCPHJ of the R mc1 along the medial border. Bilaterral grooved eburnation with marked pitting on the anteriorlateral portion of the femorapatellar joint.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1719|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|SMALL 18X12MM WIDE RAISED AREA OF SMOOTH SCLEROTIC BONE SITUATED ON THE MEDIAL DISTAL 1/3 OF THE OF THE RIGHT FEMUR. POSSIBLY ASSOCIATED WITH A HEAMATOMA?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1719|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|possible osteporosis. The sectioned vertebrae display a very open trabecular structure as well as what appears to be mild height reduction?? All bones are very light and fraible though none carry any markers of OP as such.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1719|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1719|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1721|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Other (Infectious - Non-specific infection)|small bony nodule present on the superior surface of the apex of the petrous temporal measuring 1.2x0.8mm. The cause of this formation was unclear but it was considered whether this bone could have formed due to an inner ear infection. None of the ear ossicles were present for oberservation.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1721|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Pathological fracture|Possible fine fracture lines present on the visveral surface of the body of ribs in areas where marked swelling was present. The whole skeleton displayed marked porosity due to metabolic diorders (see futher descriptions under rickets and scurvy)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1721|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Active rickets. Gross distortion of long bones present. Humeri, radii , femora and tibiae had marked swelling to the proximal metaphyses. The humeri also displayed distal swelling causing the bone to flare markedly in a lateral direction. Gross destruction of the metaphyses had occurred on the proximal humeri, distal radii, proximal femora and proximal tibia. All had marked scalloped lesions of the trabecular. Post mortem damage was present on the distal metaphyses of the femora but it was still possible to observe the very pronounced slit strut structure. The distal aspects of the tibiae were damaged and it was not possible to observe any angulations in this area. The femora displayed marked anterior bowing on the proximal end. The sternal rib ends were flared and the porous. The whole skeleton had a very porous feel and appeared to have scalloped lesions of the trabecular in the vertebral body. (see also scurvy description).| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1721|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin C Deficiency|Scurvy|Orbital roofs displayed a layer of new bone formation. Fine woven new bone formation was present on the ectocranial surface on the occipital and parietal bone. Most pronounced on the occipital. The whole skeleton displayed pumice like texture. This was particularly pronounced around the maxillary region on the skull. Post cranially the ribs and long bones were all covered in new bone formation overlying the original cortex. The ribs appeared to display undulating swelling with areas of fine hairline fractures present where swelling of the bone was present. New bone formation was also present on the whole of the L scapula (only one present). On the cerebral surface of the right greater sphenoid wing were two hollow cyst like lesions each measuring 5mm in diameter and immediately adjacent to each other. Such lesions were not present on the L gr. Sphenoid. (See also Rickets decription).| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1721|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|5| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1721|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|5| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1727|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific osteitis|DIFFERENTAIL DIAGNOSIS (SEE TRPONEMATOSIS)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1727|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Specific Infection|Treponematosis (Treponema sp.)|This is a very tentative suggestion of diffuse non-gummatose syphilitic periosteal reaction with Cortical thickening and reduction of the meduallary cavity in the femora. The areas affected were the shaft and distal portion of the radii and ulnae as well as the femora, tibiae and fibulae. The lower limb bones in particular appear dense and heavy though the periosteal reaction was not excessive. No other area of the body appeared to be affected with these bilateral lesions. The reaction on the bone was smooth and had snail track pitting along the surface of the tibiae and fibulae. The thick bone appeared firmly fused with the old cortex. The lower arm bones were less heavily affected with the radii affected to anterior and the ulnae affected both anteriorly and posteriorly. Differential diagnosis could be diffused non-specific osteoitis.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1727|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Bilateral OA of the 1st MTPH joint on the feet. Eburnation present along the dorsal lateral margin. slight lipping present in same area.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1727|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1727|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1737|UNSEXED CHILD|UNCLASSIFIED SUB-ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1737|UNSEXED CHILD|UNCLASSIFIED SUB-ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1739|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Kyphosis|THORACIC: Reduction of vertebral body height was noted on T8-to T12, causing the vertebra to curve slightly in an anterior direction. Fusion of T10-12 was in progress on both sides of the body.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1739|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Specific Infection|Tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis/bovis)| Complete ankylosis of right elbow joint causing the bone to fuse at a 90 degree angle. The bone was not atrophied and did not dispaly any form of secondary osteoarthritis. Ankylosis occured both anteriorly and posteriorly. It was not possible to make observation on on joint destruction due to fusion. The radius was located superior of the ulna, indicating that the palm of the hand had been turned inwardly. Marked grooves were present on the proximal aspect of the humerus suggesting that latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major had been affected, possibly through strain of the ankylosed elbow.T10-12 displayed partial fusion and scalloped lesions on the anterior aspect of the vertebral body. the lesions had caused only minimal destruction to the bone and were relatively shallow in apperance.the intervetebral disk space was not affected. none of the other vertebrae appeared to be affected though reduction of vertebral height was evident no lesions were noted.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1739|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Inflammatory osteoarthritis|DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Complete ankylosis of the elbow joint at a 90 degree angle _ see Tuberculosis for description| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1739|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Circulatory|Osteochondroses|Aneurysm|DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: anterior scalloped lesions on vertebral body of T10-12 _ see Tuberculosis for description| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1739|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1739|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1739|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|Shortened roots of central upper incisors. Uneven wear of molar dentition with left side more worn than the right. This was most likely caused by a large caries lesion and abscess in the right M1| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1739|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|NOSE & 1 RIB: Well healed nasal fracture caused the nasal bones to skew in a left lateral direction, Part of the L nasal bone was partially open but had clear sclerotic margins. 1 well healed central rib fracture situated on the sternal end of the ribs. Area of injury displayed smooth swelling with small areas of spicular bone.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1741|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Other (Metabolic - General)|OSTEOPENIA: all bones very slight and friable, was not put as osteoporosis as there was no vertebral collapes, thinning of the illiac fossa or grooving of the ribs. the scapulae displayed marked thinning with penetrating lesions in the supraspinous fossa of both scapulae. and all bones very light.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1741|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific osteitis|DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS (SEE OSTEOMA). this was considered as the bony outgrowth was not defined as expected in a button osteoma. It is possible that this was a reaction to an infetion of the ear canal.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1741|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|L DIST RADIUS, ULNA, LUNATE AND TRIQUETRAL: Eburnation and pitting present on the radioulnar articlation. the lunate articulation with the scaphoid and the triquetral articulation w. the hamate.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1741|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Neoplastic|Bone Tissue|Osteoma (including button osteoma)|OSTEOMA?: rounded bony protuberance (19x15mm) situated above the L mastoid process immidiately posterior to the auditory meatus extending 5.7mm above the plane of normal bone at the centre of the lesion. This tumor was benign (Ortner 2003,516)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1741|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1741|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1741|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|R RADIUS: interarticular ffracture of the R distal radius. The fracture appeared as a thin line running in a media-lateral direction over the surface articulation for the R scaphois, which did not show any pathological changes. The radius was approx 5mm shorter on the right than the left. If this was a fracture it was remarkably well healed and was not visbile on the shaft apart from what might be very slight anterior swelling. the surface in this area appeared pitted.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1743|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|"THE RIGHT SUPERIOR ARTICUALTING FACETS OF T10 AND T11 APPEARED ENLARGED AND WITH CONVEX SURFACES. THE CERVICAL VERTEBRAE WERE AFFECTED WITH OA AND THE LEFT OCCIPITAL CONDYLE WAS ENLARGED WITH OSTEOPHYTIC LIPPING."| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1743|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|Bony protuberance present on the left intermediate 2nd or 4th phalange situated on the dorsal portion immidiately above the distal articulation in area of the extensor expansion.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1743|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1743|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1745|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|GENERAL COMMENTS: ON RIGHT POPSTERIOR BORDER OF THE TALUS WAS A SMALL SCLEROTIC LESION POSSIBLY ASSOCIATED WITH A CYST?? IMMIDIATELY INFERIOR OF THE ZYGOMATIC ROOTS ON BOTH SIDES WAS A SMALL 7X7MM CIRCULAR CONCAVITY. NO MUSCLE OR OTHER SOFT TISSUE COULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH THIS AREA. (cont from osteoarthrits) The hamate articulation with the triquetral was polished along the superior medial margin probably in articulation with the ulna? The 3rd and 4th inter-phalangeal joints between the intermediate and distal phalanges displayed marked lipping along the dorsal margins and deformation of the joint surface causing a marked concavity with a fully eburnated surface and pitting. On the right side the elbow joint was not affected and on this side the 1sr CMC joint surface was eburnated along the lateral palmar margin on the MC1 and palmar border of the trapezium. The 1st inter-phalangeal joint displayed grooved eburnation along the lateral margin of the joint. Similar results were present in the left elbow joint where the matching of the eburnation of the radial and humeral joints suggested a bent elbow.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1745|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|The medial margins of the clavicular notch and the notch for the costal cartilage were severed in a vertical manner immediately superior to the pectoralis major but not affecting the sternocleiodomastoid. The cuts were clean and flat and no "slip marks" were apparent. The 1st ribs did not appear to have been affected. This was the only sign of surgical intervention observed. It is possible that this was actual surgical intervention rather than autopsy being the only cuts present. If this was the case it would suggest that the individual died either during or very shortly after the intervention??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1745|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Kyphoscoliosis|Reduction of vertebral body height was present on the T5-T7 causing the body to attempt fusion of T6-8. the reduction appear to be associated with degenerative wear rather than a congenital deformation. The scoliosis is much less apparent than the affect of kyphosis.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1745|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Unilateral osteoarthritis of right hip. The acetabulum was significantly deepened with extensive pitting and eburnation present within the socket. It was further surrounded by layers of extra cortical bone, though the bone was thinned from the internal wear of the joint facet. The femoral head was mushroom shaped and increased in size. Again extensive pitting was present and diffuse patches of eburnation. Extra cortical bone had built up around the neck whilst the remaining bone appeared unaffected. The left acetabulum appeared normal though eburnation was present the posterior inferior border and on the anterior posterior margin of the femoral head. Both acromiclavicular joints were affected by heavy pitting and extensive eburnation on both joint surfaces. On the left elbow joint the humeroradial joint surface was a fine polished surface affecting the humerus on the most anterior portion of the joint and anterior margin of the radius. The distal articulation of the left radioulnar joint was likewise eburnated along the superior margin.(cont gen path)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1745|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1745|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1745|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|One lower left rib displayed a well healed fracture in the area of the angle. There was some overlap in the area of injury of about 5mm. The bone around the injury was smooth with no indication of infections. A possible nasal fracture was observed due to the an elongated opening along the left maxillary portion of the bone.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1747|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|L RAD, R DIST HUM, TIB, FIB, DIST FEM: Fine porous extra cortical bone growth on overlying the original cortex. most affected are the tibia with the whole shaft involved.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1747|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1747|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1749|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1749|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1751|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1751|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1753|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Other (Metabolic - General)|Osteopenia: Bones felt very light and friable though the sectioned vertebra did not appear obviously osteoporotic the trabecular structure was open in the central area of the body.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1753|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|very slight nodular boney reactions were present on the visceral surfaces of one rib fragment. there was no active reaction.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1753|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|The distal articulation of the L MT1 displayed gross destruction of the joint surface particular the superior half which also had extensive pitting. Eburnation was present on the central portion and lipping was present to medial and lateral as well as along the plantar border. It is not unlikely that this was secondary to trauma as this was the only joint affected. Both femoropatellar joints had pitting on the lateral border but no eburnation. Pitting was also noted along the superior border of both acetabulae.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1753|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1753|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1753|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|4 ribs 1 R ribs displayed healed fractures with swelling around the area of injury. One fracture was on the angle of the lower R rib . the other were on a rib fragments but appeared to be mid shaft or towards the sternal end.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1755|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Other (Infectious - Non-specific infection)|ORBITAL ROOF, BILATERAL. Small area of plaque like bone formation on the orbital roof. the bone overlies the original cortex, which did not display any reaction in form of pitting.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1755|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Skull malformation (general)|TORTICOLLIS. Very marked asymmetry on the base of the skull flattening of the occipital occured to the right side affecting the foramen magnum, which appeared to be slightly skewed to the right. facially the right zygomatic bone was lower then the left zygomatic causing asymetry of the facial region as well as the base of the skull.the asymmetry appeared to affect the whole body with the left slighter than the right side.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1755|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1755|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1757|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Other (Trauma - Accidental)|TWO OVERLAPPING SMOOTH BONY OUTGROWTHS WERE PRESENT ON BORDER OF THE L TEMPORAL PARIETAL SUTURE. ONE OUTGROWTH (25X20X5MM) WAS SITUATED ON THE PARIETAL BONE IMMIDIATELY POSTERIOR OF THE CORONAL SUTURE AND ABOVE THE TEMPORAL SUTURE. THIS APPEARED TO BE THE PRIMARY OUTGROWTH AS THE OTHER OUTGROWTH (21X26X8MM) OVERLAPS THE FORMER, DISPLAYING A BORDER OF IRREGULAR NODULAR BONE. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT A BENIGN NEOPLASM WAS CAUSING THIS REACTION. IRREGULAR BONY REACTIONS WERE SEEN ON THE SPHENOID BODY POSTERIOR OF DORSUM SELLAE CAUSING DESTRUCTION OF THE ORIGINAL SURFACE. THE SHAPE OF THE PROTUBERANCES WERE HOWEVER NOT TYPICALLY BUTTON OSTEOMAS AND IT NOT UNLIKELY THAT THESE WERE THE RESULT OF TRAUMA TO THE SKULL?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1757|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Left femorpatellar joint: On the femur eburnation was present on the lateral border of anterior joint surface. No pitting present but mild grooving was observed. Lipping was present around the whole patellar surface The area of eburnation was present on the lateral border with mild grooving. The only other OA was observed in the lower lumbar spine.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1757|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Neoplastic|Bone Tissue|Osteoma (including button osteoma)|DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS (SEE TRAUMA-ACCIDENTAL)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1757|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1757|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1759|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1759|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1761|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1761|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1761|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|PIPE FACETS R MANDIBLE C&P3| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1763|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|"MARKED ENTHESOPATHIES ON SPINOUS PROCESS OF T5-8, L ULNA ON OLECRANEON (TRICEPS) AND THE GREATER TROCHANTER (IN AREA OF GLUTEUS MINIMUS)"| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1763|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|Craniotomy. cut through along the frontal, parietal and occipital bone, with slip marks on the frontal bone. the breakage point was situated immidaitely above the temporal bone on the left side. the cut was well performed and appears to have commenced to front but cut from right to left.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1763|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|complete sacralization of L6 + congenital fusion of R DIJ of the foot| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1763|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|L DISTAL TIBIA: small area of new bonegrowth present immidiately superior of the medial maleolus The bone appear slightly raised with pitting though no porosity was present, suggesting it was healed at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1763|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|R DIST MT1, R PROX MT4. Eburnation present on the inferior central ridge of the PHJ of R MT1. Lipping present but no pitting. On R MT4 eburnationand lipping was present on the medail border of the CMCJ.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1763|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Other|Ankylosis|UNILATERAL FUSION OF SACROILLIAC JOINTS AND 1ST RIB TO MANUBRIUM. Unilateral fusion of the right sacroilliac joint along the superior and anterior border. the joint surface has remained intact.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1763|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1763|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1763|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|R MC2 & MC3, NASAL FRACTURE. Two very well healed fractures present on the proximal portion of the shaft of R MC2 and 3. the fractures were recognised through thickening of the shaft to proximal with area of new bone growth. No obvious malalignment. The nasal fracture caused the distal portion of the nasal bones to skew in a lateral direction (R). the fracture was well healed though slight non-union with the maxillary bone was pesent to the left side.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1767|MALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Other (Trauma - Accidental)|T1. Superior surface of body on the anterior rim exhibited a deep depression showing destuction of the outer layer which had the apperance of having been depressed into the bone. trabecular like bone visible. The "injury" appeared smooth and well defined measuring 8mm in diameter.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1767|MALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1767|MALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1769|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1769|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1771|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Other (Metabolic - General)|POssible osteopenia, bones appeared very light and friable. There was however no osteoporotic fractures or any other direct physical evidence and would need further examination.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1771|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|HANDS: MDPH joint of R MC2 on lateral margin. 2nd distal MIP joint lateral margin R finger. On L hand 1st cmc joint palmar margin. with lipping and slight pitting. R MCp joint and mip joint displayed marginal eburnation. The facets on the spine displayed marked eburnation in the cervicle and lumbar region. L Foot plantar margin of MCPH joint.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1771|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1771|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1773|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1773|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1775|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1775|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1777|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1777|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1779|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1779|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1781|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1781|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1783|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1783|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1783|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|DISTINCT ANTERIOR INCISOR WEAR WITH MARKED EXPOSURE OF DENTINE ON THE LINGUAL ASPECT OF THE MAXILLARY INCISORS| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1785|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1785|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1787|FEMALE?|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1787|FEMALE?|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1787|FEMALE?|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Hyperostosis frontalis interna|Stage 1 HFI. Two small rice grain sized bony nodules present along the frontal crest.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1787|FEMALE?|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Unhealed fracture (hypertrophic non-union)|Gross distortion of the left elbow joint with secondary OA. The distal joint of the humerus are grossly distorted forming an inverted U-shape with complete destruction of the original joint surfaces. The entire surface of the humoradial joint surface displayed eburnation whilst the artic w. the ulna was distorted and pitted but no eburnation present. The Coronoid fossa was markedly widened with lipping. The Olecraneon of the ulna appeared detached from the ulna, the ulna display eburnation where in contact with the radial head. The radial head is widened and show eburnation on the entire surface. When rearticulated it appeared that the individual had mainly held the arm at a 90 degree angle after the injury, though some movement must have been possible due to the extensive eburnation present. The non-union of the olecraneon was likely to be due to forced movement of the elbow joint in a downward direction, inhibiting the joint to stay sufficiently still to heal.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1789|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Present on Grooves for superior sagittal suture on the parietal, grooves for the transverse sinus and groove for superior sagittal sinus on the occipital and crista gali on the frontal bone on the endocranial surface all displayed periosteal reaction in form of an irregular layer of woven bone overlying the orignal surface. The reaction was unhealed infection probably of the sinuses as they follow along these lines. minigeal infection??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1789|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|residual rickets: anterior bowing of the proximal shaft of both femora. Both tibiae and fibula displayed mediolateral flattening with a marked anterior ridge and bowing on the lower 1/3 of the shaft| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1789|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1789|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1791|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1791|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1793|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Bilateral sinuitis: diffuse small bony nodules present in both the left and right maxillary sinuses.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1793|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1793|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1795|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific osteitis|Localised swelling to the L femoral shaft. The periosteal surface displayed cross striae appearing as a netted surface with extensive overlying pitting. Only slight reduction was apparent of the medullary cavity though thickening of the shaft is clear in particular to mesial. The cortexwas dense and appeared grainy.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1795|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Distal femorapatellar joint displayed eburnation and pitting to the superior lateral border of the femoral joint . Marginal lipping was present along the lateral dist. border of the distal femur and proximal lateral border. secondary lipping was present to the distal radial joint probabaly caused by the fracture.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1795|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|Colle's fracture of R distal radius, causing the distal portion to flare in an anterior direction. The L4 sectioned veretebra revealed a very open trabecular structure though no vertebral collapse was apparent.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1795|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1795|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1797|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|TIBIAE: nodular and striaeted smooth extracortical bone growth present along the lateral border of the shaft, most pronounced to proximal where the striae present on the shaft became irregular and nodular in appearance. the smooth apperance suggest healing. 3 rib fragments exhibited smooth nodular bone growth on the plural surface, side not identified.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1797|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|R HAND: Eburnation present on the prox. lateral portion of the 1st CMCJ adn distal portion of MC1-5 and prox phal. 1 dist phal also exhibit OA & the capitate artic w. radius. L HAND: Oa on capitate artic w radius, prox lateral 1st CMCj. 1 prox lat. prox phlanx and the dist. phal proximal portion. R FOOT:unilateral eburnation present on interarticular joints of mt3-4 and on dist artic of mc1on the plantar portion| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1797|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Other|Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)|Present in T4-T11. smooth bone with the classic "candlewax" apperance on the right side with the disk space maintained.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1797|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1797|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1797|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Healed Nasal fracture. Distal portion of the NASAL BONE was nodular with overlapping "plates" of bone. particularly apparent on the L side. The nose was out of alignment skewed to the left and very flattened to the right. 3 RIBS had healed fractures situated towards the sternal end two of the fractures are healed and fairly well aligned w. spicules of bone protruding from the healed trauma. All exhibited swelling around the injury. The L fibula the l fibula exhibits a well healed fracture 5cm above the dist articulation. There was some malalignment with an overlap of approx 2.5cm. The healing was smooth and there was no sign of infection on any of the above healed fractures. Some swelling appears to be present in a small area 15 cm above the distal articulation which may be an infection secondary to the trauma of the fibula. This however was smooth and was clearly healed at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1799|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|smooth sclerotic layer of bone situated on the central medail portion of the shaft of the tibiae.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1799|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|OA of L knee joint: Marked osteophytic lipping on the distal femoral joint with plaque like formation of bone present on the patellar surface. The patellar joint surface likewise exhibited marked lipping of the joint surface. Eburnation or pitting of the joint surface was not present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1799|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1799|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1799|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|well healed fracture of the central portion of a rib shaft (unsided). swelling present around the injury but no sing of continous healing.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1805|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Female with arrested development. She was of very slight stature and all her cranial sutures were unfused. She had maked hypoplastic defect on the upper portion of the mandibular canines and incisors. The atlas displayed anterior clefting with absence of the anterior arch and tubercle. She also had very large foramen of huscke. It was mainly the cervicle spine which was affected. Unfortunately she was truncated with the lower arms, lumbar, pelvis and legs were missing.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1805|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1805|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1807|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1807|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1809|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Other (Congenital-Spinal Disorders)|The foramen magnum appared distincly rounded with the occipital condyles being small and situated very anteriorly. The atlas was likewise very rounded with a very thin posterior arch.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1809|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Skull malformation (general)|| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1809|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Bathrocephaly|protruding occipital bone though not distinctly demarkater along the lamdoid suture.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1809|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|LEFT 1st CMCJ, MCPHJ L, DIPJ HAND. MC1 of left hand MCPHJ had eburnation on the lateral border, moderate lipping on lateral and palmer joint border. Further eburnation present on CMCJ on palmer border with mild lipping. 2 DIPJ displayed extensive lipping and eburnation of the joint surfaces. On the right hand 2 DIPJ display eburnation and extensive lipping (1 1st PHJ). 2 IPJs had mild eburnation and lipping present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1809|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Interpersonal Violence|Sharp force trauma (edged implement) healed|Large well healed sharp force trauma extending in a zig-zag formation from the posterior aspect of the right parietal to the right temporal bone. The Trauma starts by the right lamdoid suture and extends anteriorly to the parietal eminence (most laterally protuding aspect of the parietal). The then extends distally to the lambdoid suture where it angulates and continues anteriorly across the temporal bone. The full length of the trauma measured 189mm from point to point and had no interruption in the fracture line. The deepest part of the injury was on the posterior aspect of the parietal bone. There was no sign of infection or other secondary complications. the outline of the trauma on the parietal bone could be seen endocranially when viewd through the foramen magnum. The well healed nature of the trauma suggest that this was sustained some time prior to death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1809|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1809|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1811|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1811|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1813|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Congenital|Miscellaneous|Other (Miscellaneous)|Malformation of growthplates. all longbones were affected at both the proximal and distal metaphyses. These appeared raised and displayed and unusually undulating surface of marked transverse ridges. No matching condition was found in the current path litterature, the closeset match was rubella.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1813|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1813|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1815|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|2 (Scattered fine foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1815|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|2 (Scattered fine foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1817|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|L TIBIA & FIBULA: Smooth longitudenal striae on the proximal portion of the mesial and lateral central shaft, intigrated into the original cortex. on the mesial portion and on the lateral distal ortion of the shaft the periosteal reaction appeara as fine pitting overlaying the cortex, which may perhaps suggest that there were two seperate periods of infection the first having healed followed by an infection still active at the time of death. Further mild NSP on the dist/med R tibia.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1817|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|1st MTPHJ, HALLUX VALGUS? UNILATERAL: marked eburantion and pitting present on the mesial portion of the joint along the superior border. Lipping present along the dorsal and mesial border of the joint, suggesting that the toe was position as described in the condition Hallux Valgus.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1817|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1817|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1819|MALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Other (Congenital-Skull Malformation)|Mild concha bulbosa of the right nasal bone.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1819|MALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Scoliosis|Slight scoliosis of the spine with left sided reduction of vertebral body height in T5 causing the spine to arch in a right lateral direction.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1819|MALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Bilateral congenital fusion of MDIJ of the feet. Single digit only| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1819|MALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1819|MALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1821|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1821|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1823|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Infectious|Specific Infection|Treponematosis (Treponema sp.)|Possible non-gumatose infection present in distal humerus, proximal radius and ulna and distal femur. As these were the only elements present was not possible to establish the full extent of the pattern but there area that were affected appear consistent with those affected in syphilis. The distal anterior and lateral portion of the humerus and the proximal shafts of the radius and ulna display swelling of undulating striated and pitted bone. On the radius this was prominent below the tuberosity and the on the ulna the entire circumference of the central shaft was affected. On the femur the swelling is most pronounced on the lower 2/3rd of the shaft and appear as smooth undulating swelling bordered by porous pitted bone. The distal lateral joint of the femur displayed a very irregular and undulating surface, possibly syphilitic arthritis? (Ortner 1993,288). The changes on the femur suggested that the diseases was probably active at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1823|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1823|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1825|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|BILATERAL FEMORAPATELLAR JOINTS AND MT1s. R MCPHJ of MC2. Both femorapatellar joints were affected with OA displaying eburnation of the whole joint area and deep grooving through consistent movement. The R patella was complete and had shifted in a lateral direction causing marked lipping on the femoral joint surface. Fine pitting was present on both joint surfaces. The Left patella had possibly been fractured in a mediolateral direction causing the patella to shift laterally and turning 90 degrees to lateral (see below) this joint likewise exhibited eburnation of the whole joint surface with pitting and marked marginal lipping. Enthesopathies were present on both tibial tuberosities but marked joint changes were present in the femoratibial joint surfaces. Both MT1s had eburnation of the MTPH joint on the plantar aspect of the joint along the central ridge. This was not mirrored on the prox phalange of the r mt1. The r mc2 had a small patch of eburnation present on the lateral aspect of the MCPH joint, not reflected in the phalanges of the same joint. Further eburnation was present on the l rib facet of t12. The l ribs were sharply angulated at a 90 degree.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1825|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Erosive Arthropathy|Gout|MTPHJ of L & R MT1. Erosive lesions present on the medial aspect of the MTPHJ of both MT1's. Small scooped out lesions were present as well as bony build up with marginal lipping, prob due to the OA present in the same joint surfaces.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1825|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1825|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1825|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|hair line fracture of R MT5 and L MT2. On R MT2 the ran in a proximal to distal direction along the superior portion of the medial aspect of the TMC joint. It appeared that the MT5 had fractured across the shaft but had healed well only slight swelling and moderate bone formation around the area of injury. The L MT3 also had a hairline fracture present, running in a mediolateral direction across the central portion of the joint surface. Bony build up was present around the proximal end of the shaft, prob a response the to injury.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1825|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Unhealed fracture (atrophic non-union)|The L patella was fractured in a mediolateral direction on the central portion. only the prox. portion of the patella had preserved. The margin of the injury showed an unhealed fracture possibly followed by necrosis causing athrophy of the distal part of the patella. On the shaft immidiately above the femorapatellar joint surface was a 18x27mm depression, suggesting that the injury caused the patella to move in a proximal direction, displaced from the joint. The heavy eburnation of the joint suggest the patella had been turned at a 90 degree angle to lateral on the joint surface.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1827|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|SECONDARY INFECTION TO TRAUMA?? Periosteal new bone and pitting was present in the areas of trauma on the distal medial portion of the R fibula and on the distal lateral aspect of the R tibia , suggesting that and infection minor infection of the soft tissue may have occured following the trauma to the joint.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1827|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|OA WAS PRESENT ON THE R TALUS WITH ANTERIOR MARGINAL LIPPING AND PITTING IN THE AREA OF EBURNATION.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1827|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Interpersonal Violence|Blunt force trauma (incl depressed cranial fracture) healed|5 cranial depression, R I1 missing. All were rounded with four of the depressions of similar size (18mm in diameter) with rounded margins. The deepest depression was situated on the frontal bone 30mm above the glabella. Immediately above this was a small impression measuring 7mm in diameter. Along the R frontal suture on the frontal bone was another depression (18mm diam.) with more diffuse outline than the other frontal trauma. On the occipital bone were two depressions (18mm diameter) on the R portion on the lambdoid suture the medial maleolous. The articular surface of the dist r fibula likewise had a fracture but running in a proximal to distal direction, and had generated a dense area of osetophytic lipping along the anterior margin. A fine hairline fracture was present on the distal articulation of the l fibula again w. marginal lipping to anterior. The fractures may be associated with the multiple blunt force traumas on the skull. OA was present on the r talus with anterior marginal lipping and pitting in the area of eburnation.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1827|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1827|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1827|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|L radius, R tibia (Intraarticular fracture), R fibula, intraarticular hairline fracture of L fib. The L radius had a very well healed fracture on the distal 1/3 of the shaft. This was very well healed with swelling on the anterior aspect of the shaft. the distal articulation was slightly malaligned in an anterior direction. The joint did not appear to be affected by this malalignment. The R tibia displayed an intraarticular fracture or the talocrual joint running in a mediolateral direction across the joint surface and in an anterior posterior direction along (cont gen path)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1829|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|Craniotomy. the cut marks are smooth suggesting sawing without use of chisel at the final stages. the breakage point on the bone could be seen where the cut passed the sagittal suture on the occipital bone. another cut was performed vertically anterior to the mastoid process and the external aud. meatus. several attempts apparent with "slip" saw marks present on both the occipital and temporal region.Possible skinning marked were present on the ectocranial portion of the parietal bones.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1829|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1829|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1829|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|well healed rib fractures of three ribs situated towards the head and angle. on rib exhibits two fractures between the angle and the head. all are well healed with swelling around the area of trauma but no reduction.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1831|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|active porotic periosteal bone growth overlying the original cortex on both tibiae. On the R tibia present on the lower 1/3 of the medial portion of the shaft. On the L the reaction was present on both the medial and lateral portions of the lower 1/3. On the anterior crest the bone growth appeared less organised. All reactions appeared to have been active at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1831|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1831|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1843|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 7-11 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|3| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1843|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 7-11 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|3| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1845|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1845|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1847|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1847|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1849|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1849|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1853|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Eburnation present on the dorsal portion of the R triquetral.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1853|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Compression fracture (vertebrae)|possible crush fracture of T8. Marked reduction of anterior vertebral height causing extensive intervertebral remodelling on T8-9. Fusion had occured on T9-10 perhaps to compensate for the fracture.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1853|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|Jagged irregular bone was present along to posterior between the border of the L acetabulum and the GSN. On the neck of the L femur was ragged spicular protruding bone extending from the lesser trochantar and to anterior was a large flat smooth bony outgrowth covering extending medially over the neck. These appeared to be the result of a severe rupture of soft tissue affecting the psoas major and iliacus as well as the iliofemoral ligament. Perhaps surprisingly the hip joint itself remained unaffected by this major rupture. Two necrotic bone fragments were present and have been articulation with the bony outgrowth along the acetabulum as a small patch of eburnation was present along the anterior margin.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1853|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1853|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1853|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|4 R & 6L healed ribfractures. To the R the fractures were 2 singular and 1 rib w 2 adjacent fractures situated on the lower ribs 1 on the angle and 3 towards the sternal end of the shaft. To the L the fractures were sitauted towards the angle 1 rib had a single fracture i the angle, 1 2 adjacent fractures on the central shaft and 1 rib w 3 fractures 2 adjacent at the angel and 1 towards the sternal end. All fractures were well healed though marked swelling was present around the area of injury.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1855|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|local infection of distal left ulna (majority of skeleton absent). Swelling and longitudinal striae surround the area of infection covering the distal shaft. The area of swelling was covered by fine pitting. There was not active reactions or layers of new bone growth. suggesting a healed periosteal fracture or osteoitis?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1855|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1855|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1860|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1860|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1862|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|(cont from healed fracture)Based on the different stages of healing it is likely that this was more than one event. The left MT3 displayed a healed fracture of the distal portion of the shaft in mediolateral direction. The adjacent MT4 had swelling present on the distal portion of the shaft which may have been a fracture or possibly and a healed infection associated with the fracture?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1862|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Skull malformation (general)|Unilateral Concha bullosa present on right nasal concha only. Swelling was moderate and is unlikely to have affected the individual.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1862|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Complete sacralization of L6| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1862|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Humerus A Small area of displayed eburnation on the superior border of the left humeral head with moderate Osteophytic lipping on the inferior border. Radius/ulna The dist. Radioulanar joint had mild lipping and a small area of eburnation along the superior border. Left femur Grooved eburnation was present on the very most lateral border of the femoropatellar joint of the left fem. With osteophytosis on the superior and lateral Border. On the left 1st MTPHJ on the superiolateral margin was osteophytic lipping and eburnation. Marked lipping on MT1-MT2 joint surface on both sides. Muscle attachments Well developed intertrochanteric line supporting the iliofemoral ligament. And bony plaque formation on greater trochantar in area of gluteus minimus| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1862|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1862|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1862|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|The nasal bone was damaged post mortem but the fragments present appeared to be widened and irregular with what appeared as swelling on the left portion. It is possible that the individual suffered a nasal fracture? 27 healed rib fractures. 16 on the left and 11 on the right side. The most proximal ribs (1-3) were not affected whilst the majority of the others displayed at least one fracture each. On the left ribs 8 of the fractures were healed but were overlapping with extensive bony reaction in the form of ragged spicules protruding both inferiorly and posterior. 5 rib fractures to the left were well healed on the central portion of the shaft and displayed only minimal swelling. Finally 3 left fractures were unhealed but in the process of healing with bony build up around the injury and bony spicules protruding out. One rib displayed one healed and one unhealed fracture. On the right side all 11 fractures were anterior of the angle on the posterior or central portion of the shaft. All were well healed with Mild to moderate swelling around the area of injury. Two ribs displayed 2 fractures anterior of the angle.(cont gen path)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1864|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Occipital bone exhibited dense irregular pitted bone along the grooves for the transverse sinus and in the internal occipital protuberance. The greater sphenoid wings displayed a porous layer of bone on the medial pterygoid plate lateral of the vaginal process overlying the original cortex. The orbital roofs were affected with fine pitting and the deciduous dentition displayed hypoplastic lines on the lower part of the crown. On the supraspinous fossa of both scapulae the extent of pitting appears to be abnormal for and may have a thin layer of woven and irregular bone.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1864|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin C Deficiency|Scurvy|DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS (SEE NON SPECIFIC PERIOSITIS)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1864|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1864|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1868|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|The whole skeleton had a pummice like granular apperance.with prosity causing rounded lytic lesions with non-sclerotic margins on the pelvis.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1868|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1868|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1868|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Unhealed fracture (hypertrophic non-union)|of several rib fragments| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1870|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|"LOWER THORACIC AND UPPER LUMBAR VERTEBRAE APPEARED TO HAVE MARKED REDUCTION IN VERTEBRAL BODY HIGHT FOLLOWED BY EXTENSIVE OSTEOPHYTES AND THOUGH NO OBVIOUS KYPHOSIS WAS PRESENT??"| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1870|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|possible complete sacralization of L6 (sacrum fragmented so unsure if lumberisation of S1 or and L6??)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1870|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|OA was present in the right elbow (left not present) on the articulation between the humerus and the head of the radius. on the radius a circular polished area was present with fine pitting relfelcted on the radial head.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1870|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1870|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1870|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|4 well healed rib fractures present,3 right central ribs and 1 left central rib. On the right side one was fractured anterior of the facet, one had 2 fractures (one on the angle and one just anterior of the angle) the final right rib was fractures just anterior of the angle. the left rib was fractures on the angle. all were well healed with smooth swelling around the area of injury.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1872|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Spina bifida occulta complete separation of neural arch, though incomplete lumberization of the S1 has taken place.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1872|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1872|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1872|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|HEAVY CROWDING OF BOTH UPPER AND LOWER DENTITION.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1874|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Other (Metabolic - General)|Possible osteopenia present. The section vertebrae exhibited thinning of the trabecular bone with widening of the trabecular space. there are no fractures or vertebral collapse indicating advanced osteoporosis.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1874|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Maxilla: Possible sinuitis??? Fine oblong lesions running in a "stitch" pattern around the alveolar bone of the maxillary region. An abscess was present by the L canine appearing to extend inwards towards the lateral incisor. One isolated but larger oval lesion measuring 4x6mm is present on the right maxilla superior to the area of the MC2, with the "stitch" pattern running above. It is possible that these lesions are associated with an infection of the sinuses or possibly with the extensive resorption of the bone, which may have applied pressure on the maxilla, though such stress would more likely cause osteoclastic than osteoblastic action??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1874|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1874|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1876|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Active rickets observable in sternal rib ends where flaring was pronounced with scalloped lesion to the ends. both the distal portion of the radius and ulna exhibited a similar flaring. The metaphyses were slightly irregular with no obvious scalloping. there are no periosteal changes or any visible changes to the skull or vertebrae.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1876|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1876|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1879|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|of elbow joints (see pbr)|PAPER RECORD MADE Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1879|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Other|Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)|The T8-12 display extensive lipping with classic candlewax fusion on the right side of T9-11 consistent with DISH (Ortner 2003,559). T9-10 show similar fusion of the left side. The disk space remain intact and the facets are unfused.|PAPER RECORD MADE Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1879|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)|PAPER RECORD MADE Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1879|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)|PAPER RECORD MADE Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1879|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Multiple myeloma|Diffuse multiple lytic foci with no sclerotic margins (See PBR)|PAPER RECORD MADE Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1881|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Pathological fracture|See healed fracture| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1881|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS (SEE HEALED FRACTURE)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1881|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1881|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1881|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|R. DIST RAD, 2 RIBS & R FEM HEAD: R DIST RADIUS EXHIBIT AN INJURY TO THE MEDIAL PORTION OF THE EPIPHYSEAL PLATE TO POSTERIOR CAUSING THE DISTAL PORTION TO "FLARE" IN A POSTERIOR DIRECTION (COLLES' FRACTURE?). TWO RIBS DISPLAYED WELL HEALED FRACTURE TO THE CENTRAL PORTION OF THE BODY AND ONE ON THE ANGLE. BOTH WITH SMOOTH SWELLING AROUND THE INJURY. THE RIGHT FEMORAL NECK EXHIBITED A WELL HEALED FRACTURE THOUGH WITH MARKED SHORTENING TO THE NECK AND THE HEAD SLIGHTLY SKEWED IN A POSTERIOR DIRECTION. THE ACETABULUM SHOWED ONLY SLIGHT FLATTENING. NONE OF THE INJURED HAD CAUSED MAJOR JOINT REACTION AND NO MARKED LIPPING OR EBURNATION WAS PRESENT. THOUGH BOTH INJURIES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ELDERLY FEMALES DUE TO POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS. THIS IS A MIDDLEAGED/ELDERLY MALE. THE SKELETON DID NOT APPEAR TO DISPLAY ANY MARKED OSTEOPENIA, THOUGH IT MAY BE THAT THIS COULD HAVE PROVOKED THE INJURIES.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1883|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|"VERTEBRAE: POSSIBLE EARLY STAGE OF DISH WITH MARKED LATERAL OSTEOPHYTIC LIPPING ON T10-L1. ANTERIOR COLLAPSE OF T6 AND MARKED OSTEOPHYTES ON THE SPINOUS PROCESS OF L1-4. CHANGES PROB A RESULT OF REPEATED STRAIN TO THE CAK CAUSING VERY SLIGHT KYPHOSIS AND PRESSURE ON THE LOWER SPINE."| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1883|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Right Tibia and fibula perisoteal reaction. The tibia had smooth extra cortical bone growth on the central posterior and lateral portion of the shaft. This was overlain by a layer of fine pitted reactive bone to posterior. The fibula had a mild degree of swelling to the distal mesial portion with smooth sclerotic longitudenal striae were present. The reactions suggested some degree of healing prior to death though there may have been a second phase of infection on the posterior tibia.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1883|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1883|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1885|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|"EXTENSIVE LIPPING ON ANTERIOR PORTION OF L CALCANEUM"| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1885|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1885|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1887|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Skull malformation (general)|mild unilateral conch bullosa on right side.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1887|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1887|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1891|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1891|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1893|FEMALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1893|FEMALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1895|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1895|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1897|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Osteomalacia|DIFFRENTIAL DIAGNOSIS (SEE OSTEOPOROSIS)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1897|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|Vertebral compression fracture had occurred in L4-5. These had been sectioned by M Brickley and clearly demonstrated a porous weak trabecular structure. T4-7 had fused along the anterior margin of the body, probably to compensate for the weak structure. The femora were too fragmented to allow any fracture observations but no fractures were seen to the wrists. The R illium appeared very thinned and cupped. A second diagnosis considered was the possible onset of ostomalacia though such condition may have inhibited the healing of the rib fractures??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1897|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1897|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1897|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Multiple rib fractures. A total of 22 rib fractures were present on both L & R. Some fragments displayed 2 injuries to the same rib. The majority of the fractures were well healed though some healing still displayed pitting around the area of healing. It is not unlikely that the injuries represent more than one event and may be associated with the osteoporosis. the injuries weer situated anterior of the head and mid shaft.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1899|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Other (Infectious - Non-specific infection)|DENTAL INFECTION WHICH HAS CAUSED LARGE BONY PROTUBERANCES DEVELOPED IN THE AREAS OF BOTH M2'S INTO BOTH MAXILLARY SINUSES. THE BONE EMINATING INTO THE SINUSES WERE FORMED BY A THIN WALL SURROUNDING A HOLLOW SPACE, WHICH MAY HAVE CONTAINED PUSS?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1899|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1899|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1901|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Non specific periositis present on the medial aspect of the shaft of the L tibia in the form on longitudenal striae intergrated into the original cortex. The infection was healed and not present on any other preserved bone (R tibia absent)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1901|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1901|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1903|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Spina bifida Occulta: Separation of the median sacral crest , occurring as a thin opening by S2 and S3 but then further widens by S4-5. The facial features appear very narrow and abnormal with close set eyes and a beak-shaped nose.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1903|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Sclerotic smooth bone laid down along the lateral margins of both femora on the upper ½ of the shafts.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1903|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Present in feet on the talar-navicular joint of the right foot where eburnation is present along the lateral border where marked lipping was also present. further lipping was noted on the calcanum-talar articulation on both the left and the right foot.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1903|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Residual rickets was present displaying marked anterior bowing of the proximal portion of both femora and anterior-posterior flattening. Both tibiae were very flattened in a medilateral direction and were distinctly boomerang shaped in appearance, with the angle on the lower 1/3 of the shaft immidiaetly below the central axis. Both fibulae were likewise bowed.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1903|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1903|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1903|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Dysplasias|Osteogenesis imperfecta|It was considered whether the extreme deformation of the bone could be related to a condition called osteogenesis imperfecta rather than simply being residual rickets. This DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: condition causes early loss of dentitions, which appears to be the case in this individual. Also the condition has been described as causing multiple fractures of the long bones, particularly in the lower extremities. The Bones appear normal lengts but the structure of the bones changes. Again this is apparent here though the individual was evidently short of stature it was not achondroplastic in appearance. However the bone were very robust which appears not to be the case in individuals with this condition and therefore the diagnosis remains tentative (Ortner 2003,492)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1903|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Multiple healed fractures. Well-healed fracture in the left humerus 60mm above the distal articulation. This was a well reduced oblique fracture with swelling around the area of injury causing only mild reduction in the length of the bone compared to the right side. Further oblique fractures were present in the lower limb bones in both tibiae at the point of the angulations (see [511]) . Again both fractures appeared to be well healed with no sign of infection. Whether the extreme angulations were partly caused by these fractures is unclear. Some overlap had occurred with swelling around the area of injury. Finally the left fibula had been fractures on the lower 1/3 of the shaft, which prob occurred around the same time as the fractures of the tibiae? This was however less well reduced. Displaying a 20mm overlap causing the bone to heal at a slight angle. One rib displayed a well healed fracture 70mm posterior of the sternal end.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1903|FEMALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Unhealed fracture (hypertrophic non-union)|Unhealed and partially healed fractures were present in a number of ribs. these had obviously occurred after the above described injuries as the healing process was much less advanced. The fractures had occurred towards the sternal ½ of the ribs. one rib displayed two fracture; one immediately posterior of the sternal end and one a further 50mm up the shaft. two other ribs had a healing fracture in the same area as the latter fracture on the former rib. All the unhealed fractures were on right central ribs.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1905|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|congenital fusion of L 5th DIP| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1905|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Periosteal infection on the visceral surface of the ribs on the posterior portions by head. The infections varied from smooth dense bony nodules situated along the visceral ridge to active periosteal pitted and porous bone, suggesting perhaps at least two phases of infection. the infection was mainly present on the right upper and central ribs.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1905|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific osteitis|Bilateral infection of tibiae and fibulae. the tibiae displayed smooth swelling along the anterior border. the soleal lines had ragged bonegrowth which was also present along the medail borders of the smooth swelling and the medial malleoulous. Both fibulae displayed diffuse swelling and ragged bonegrowth running the entire lenght of the shaft. There were no sequestra and no joint involvement in any of the bones. this is possibly an affect of chronic osteomyelitis but and x-ray will be needed ?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1905|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Very slight patch of eburntation on the central head of the left radius.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1905|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1905|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1905|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Very well healed fractures of one left and one right rib. Healing caused minimal swelling around the area of injury on the central portion of the shaft. the area was completely smooth. There was a possible nasal fracture the right nasal bone appeared dislodged and irregular though there was no obvious fracture.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1907|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1907|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1909|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1909|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1911|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1911|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1913|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|OA of R hand: eburnation present on the triquetral articualting with the pisiform and on the distal medial articualtion of one medial phalange of the right hand| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1913|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Pathological fracture|COLLE'S FRACTURE: Of distal left radius. this fracture is well healed though the fracture line is clearly marked in a mediolateral direction immidiately above the articulation causing the distal articulation to skew slightly in a posterior direction.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1913|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|Suspected osteoporosis. The upper thoracic region was displaying weakening of the vertebral body. The cut vertebrae (L4) showed a marked thinning of the trabecular structure. The above described colle's fracture likewise ususally occur in conjunction with osteoporosis.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1913|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1913|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1913|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Fracture was present on the central shaft on a left false rib. this was well healed with swelling around the area of injury with small spicules protruding in both a proximal and distal direction.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1915|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Active rickets: extensive pitting on the central and medial portion of the orbital roof. The occipital bone display a layer of extra cortical bone on the endocranial portion in area of cerebral fossa. Possible pitting on the occpital prox ectocranial surface. Flattening of the femoral head, bilateral, showing shortening of the neck and a concave dist metaphysis. The tibiae displayed a marked lateral angulations of the distal metaphysis, most apparent on the right side. The ribs were too damaged to allow any observations. There was no bending to any of the long bones suggesting the child was immobile at the time the rickets was present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1915|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1915|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|4 (Foramina have linked into a trabecular structure)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1917|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1917|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1919|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Malformation of left mandibular ramus displaying a 16mm difference in height between the two ramus. The head was flattened and flared on the left with a concave surface. there was no eburnation present. the reduction in height caused the mandible to skew to the left of the maxialla causing serious maloccusion, though the teeth present did not appear to be heavily affected.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1919|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|TIBIAE: both tibia display smooth sclerotic bone along the lateral portion of the shaft appearing irregular striated and nodular incooporated into the cortex. The possible infection appear healed.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1919|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Hands and feet: right dist mc1exhibit eburnation along the medial border of the joint surface. Extensive lipping was present on the mc1 and dist portion of the 1st prox phalange. Both trapezoids had eburnation on the area articulation with the trapezium. On the left hand eburnation and extensive lipping was present on the medial palmar border of the 1st prox phalange whilst only lipping was present on the MC1. On the R MT1 the MTPHJ exhibited extensive lipping along the borders of the joint. With a grooved polished surface along the medial 1/2 of the joint. None of the other phalanges on the left or right foot were affected.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1919|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Other|Ankylosis|fusion of medial and dorsal margin of the joint between the calcaneum and the talus.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1919|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1919|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1923|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|L FEMUR: plaque like bone formation laid down on the distal posterior portion of the l femoral shaft integrated into the cortical bone. fine pitting is visible on the surface of the bone in discreet areas. No new porous bone is present, suggeting that the periosteal reaction was healed at the time of death. the r femur and the tibiae appear unaffected.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1923|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|L MC2:eburnation present on the lateral portion of the proximal articualtion of the left MC2 causing alteration in shape.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1923|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1923|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1925|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1925|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1925|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|ROOTS OF DENTITION 15, 21, 25, 35 AND 45 ARE SHORTENED BUT ARE CLOSED, IS THIS A CONGENITAL DEFECT OR DUE TO ARRESTED DEVELOPMENT DUE TO DISEASE?? THE SOCKETS LIKEWSIE DISPLAYED A SHALLOW CAVITY.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1928|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1928|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1930|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|"MARKED ENTHSOPATHIES ON BOTH OLECRANEON FOSSA OF THE ULNAE AS WELL AS MARKED LIPPING ON THE R RADIAL HEAD WHICH MAY HAVE BEEN DUE TO THE USE OF WALKING AID ??"| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1930|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Kyphoscoliosis|Collapse in vertebral height in lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. The T8-12 displayed anterior and right lateral reduction in vertebral body height causing a shift on the spine generating osteophytic lipping. The lumbar veretebrae appeared to have height reduction to the left causing the lower spin to form an s-shape as well as a forward thoracic curve. The lipping in the lumbar region was marked. the R lower ribs were very angulated prob caused by the scoliosis in the spine| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1930|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Other Infection|Septic arthropathy (non-specific)|Complete ankylosis of the right talocrural joint had occured as well as partial ankylosis of the distal tbiofibular joint. This may possibly associated with the infected non-union fracture of the femur?? (Ortner mentions septic arthrits realted to dental abcesses 2003,224)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1930|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1930|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1930|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Unhealed fracture (atrophic non-union)|The Proximal shaft of the L femur displayed a non-union fracture. Though bone repair had joined together the fracture this was very poorly remodelled with porous and irregular plaque like bone. The bone did not appear reduced in height and was therefore probabaly treated. It may be that the fracture became infected and was therefore unable to heal completelty before death. there was a 40 mm "hollow" surrounded by sequestral bone.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1932|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Specific Infection|Treponematosis (Treponema sp.)|POSSIBLE CASE OF TRPONEMATOSIS WITH YAWS CONSIDERED: Diffuse gross periosteal reactions on longbones, ribs and scapulae. One phlange is affected in the hand and the proximal phalanges of the feet exhibit a distinct tapering of the metaphysic. The tibiae are saber shin in lateral view. Depressions present on the inferior vertebral body of T4 and to a lesser degree T6. (SEE PBR)|PAPER RECORD MADE Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1932|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)|PAPER RECORD MADE Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1932|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)|PAPER RECORD MADE Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1932|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|SUPERNUMERARY R MAXILLARY MOLAR|PAPER RECORD MADE Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1934|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1934|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1936|FEMALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|"SMALL BONY NODULES PRESENT ON THE VISCERAL SURFACE OF THE ONE R HEAD OF RIB. THESE FORM PART OF THE ORIGINAL CORTICAL BONE WITH THERE IS NO INDICATION OF INFECTION IN THE AFFECTED AREA."| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1936|FEMALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|CRANIOTOMY. The cut was initiated on the left side posterior of the temporal bone and cut through to the right where the it was not completed but broken off below the area of severing. The cut was poorly performed and was at an upward angle from left to right, which could explain why the cut was abandoned and simply broken off. "slip" cut marks were present on the left and R portion of the frontal bone.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1936|FEMALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Skull malformation (general)|Torticollis on frontal and base of skull. Zygomatics were not allined with the R zygomatic positioned more inferior that the Left. The R temporamandibular joint was situated more posterior that the left. The occipital bone did not appear affected.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1936|FEMALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|congenital fusion of intermidiate and distal phlange of the foot.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1936|FEMALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1936|FEMALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1938|MALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Unilateral enlargement of the left jugular foramen. right jugular foramen was oval and measured 10x8mm whilst the left was circular and measures 15mm in diameter. It was further observed that complete obliteration of the sagittal and labdoind sutures had taken place despite the young age.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1938|MALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|Rupture of deltoid muscle causing spicular and irregular bony reaction on the posterior portion of the acrmion of the r clavicle and the posterior superior border immidiately below the acromioclavicular joint. the bone appear pitted and irregular. on smooth spicular outgowth was present below the proximal articualtion of the l fibula by tibialis posterior, protruding downwards. this as opposed to the clavicle appeared well healed.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1938|MALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Trauma|Interpersonal Violence|Blunt force trauma (incl depressed cranial fracture) healed|The lateral portion of the right superior orbital margin display two smooth outgrowths, the most inferior situated immidiately above the frontozygomatic suture (11mm in length) and the most spuerior immidiately above the latter following the orbital margin (16mm iin length). Both are smooth may have been caused by incidents of trauma in the area, possibly by a blow to the head, in which case healing has been very good.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1938|MALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1938|MALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1938|MALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|CANINES CONGENITALLY ABSENT IN MAXILLA? EXTREME WEAR ON MAXILLARY LATERAL INCISORS.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1938|MALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Unhealed fracture (hypertrophic non-union)|Non-union oblique fracture of the central shaft of the R femur causing rupture to abductor magnus along the linear aspera and vastus intermedius. Attempts of repair was apparent displaying significant reduction of the medullary cavity as well as periostal pitted reaction extending approx 40mm above and below the injury. The pitted nature of the bone suggesting this was active at the time of death. It appears that the bone was not properly reduced causing the lack of healing the bone overlaps by 80mm and was linked by a irregular bony mass of ossified ruptured muscle tissue present on the medial portion of the proximal half and lateral portion of the distal half of the femur.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1939|FEMALE?|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1939|FEMALE?|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1940|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|healed periosteal reaction on the visceral surface of the ribs associated with T7-10. The reaction was a dense layer of bone laid down along the angle of the shaft. this reaction may be associated with the extensive lipping present on the vertebrae and possibly associated with an injury as the reaction appear confined to this area?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1940|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1940|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1940|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Metacarples of left hand display multiple crush fractures causing deformity of all bones. unfortunately post mortem damaged rendered idetification of bones difficult but it apeared that the hand suffered multiple crush fractures followed by poor alignement causing malformation of the individual bones.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1942|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|Possible osteoporosis: Bones are very light and friable with reduction of vertebral height and marked lipping and pitting of the vertebral bodies. The ribs and longbones do not exhibit any obvious changes.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1942|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1942|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1942|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Bennet fracture? : Very well healed, no obvious fracture line, but possibly immidiately above the proximal articulation seen in palmar view. the bone appears shortened and thickened.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1944|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1944|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1946|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Other (Infectious - Non-specific infection)|T10 - INFERIOR BODY OF T10 IN AREA OF SMORL'S NODE DISPLAY A DEEP PIT AFFECTING THE TRABECULAR BONE OF THE VB BODY.APPARENT INCREASED POROSITY ON THE GREATER SPHENOID WINGS IN FORM OF SCATTERED FINE FORAMINA ON THE INFERIOR SURFACE."| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1946|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1946|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1949|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1949|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1951|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1951|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1952|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1952|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1954|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|swelling of posterior dital portion of the L tibial shaft. Irregular pitted bone present on the surface, sclerotic in apperance.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1954|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Eburnation on the inferior margin of the CMCJ of R MC1. as well as on the lateral portion of the prox joint of the 1st distal phlange and the medial magin of on prox intermediate phalage. Further eburnation was present on the L hand of one prox intermediate phlangeal joint.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1954|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|Possible osteoporois based on the very light and friable nature of the bones. the ribs displayed cupping of the inferior margin and the sectioned L4 display a very open trabecular structure. on the right portion of the sections is a large void of trabecular bone which appears to be antermortem (19x18mm). The void penetrated the posterior portion of the body.It is unclear whether the void is caused by OP or other disorder??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1954|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1954|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1957|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Fusion of the distal and intermediate phalage of the foot (unsided)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1957|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1957|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1957|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Bennett fracture of right MC1. Intraarticular fine hairline fracture running across the central portion of the articulation. The fracture was very well healed w. little indication on the shaft. The line on articulation display a fine line of pitting. On the Trapezium articulatio with the MC1 was a patch of fine eburnation as well as marginal lipping around the joint surface. On the prox phalange of the R 1st MT was a fine hairline fracture running diagonally along the distal portion of the phalange| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1959|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|spina bifida occulta. complete separation of the nural arch from s1-s5| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1959|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1959|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1650|1853|1961|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1650|1853|1961|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1650|1853|1961|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|OVERBITE, UNEVEN WEAR WITH EXTENSIVE WEAR TO LINGUAL ASPECT OF DENTITION.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1963|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|Cont (skull malformaiton): there was no indication of crowding of dentition. The L mand. 3rd molar did have 3 roots and the R mandibular foramen was enlarged.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1963|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Skull malformation (general)|possible Crouszon's syndrome (craniofacial dysostosis). Early synostosis of the coronal and sagittal sutures causing oxycephaly (aufdeheide & Rodriguez-Martin 1998,54). complete obliteration of the coronal and sagittal sutures. Lambdoid suture clearly visible. The occiptal bone was angulated at almost 90 degrees at the superior nuchal line causing the occipital bone to sit inferiorly resulting in dome-shaped parietal bones. Digital impressions were present on the frontal bone. deformation of the foramen magnum was present, it appeared enlarged and assymetrical in shape.The occipital condyles were reduced in size with only the anterior aspect present, to posterior were marked depressions with degenerative wear in form of macroporosity and osteophytic lipping. Enlargement of the temporo-mandibular joints were present and the audiotory canal likewise appeared enlarged. The facial region was missing post mortem but the orbital roofs and glabella were present, indicating some facial deformation with a narrow protruding glabella region and very arched, demarcated thin orbital ridges. No dentition was present but based on the sockets present (cont gen path).| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1963|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1963|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1610|1845|1965|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1610|1845|1965|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1967|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Neoplastic|Neoplastic General|Meningioma|R ORBIT: bony swelling present on the immediately posterior to the internal orbital part and lateral to the lesser wing of the sphenoid. The swelling covered an area of 18x20mm causing a dense thickening to the bone. In the central portion of the swelling destructive bone was present as large isolated pitting with visible trabecular bone. The cause of the swelling and the lesions are unclear. Possible meinigenoma was considered. But it was unclear whether this could cause swelling to the bone though it does provoke dramatic hyperostosis. The swelling here however appears smooth and not lobulated as described by aufdeheider (aufderheide 1998,250 & 386). Trauma was also considered though no apparent injuries were visible on the ectocranial surface. Impact to the head however did not necessarily leave any markings but may have caused trauma to the internal tissue.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1967|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1967|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1967|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|Possible pipe smoke wear on l lateral incisor and canine.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1970|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|(cont from osteomalacia) Again both legs had the coarse texture described above. Both femora displayed lateral bending as well as flattening of shaft in an anterior posterior direction. The tibiae were not bowed but flattened in a medio-lateral direction with a very marked anterior border. The patellae were lipped with destruction of the vertical ridge on both sides. There were no signs of any infections but the bone structure had clearly been altered probably from osteomalacia [521]. The bowing of the lower limb bones may have been caused by this condition or even in the event of rickets from childhood. The HFI was very pronounced and had spread beyond the frontal bone and likewise appear to have been a prolonged disease.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1970|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Osteomalacia|The surface of the bone displayed, as seen throughout the skull, a fine grainy texture with a pumice like feel. The cervicle and the upper thoracic vertebrae were preserved but were extremely cruddy texture with extensive IVD present. the texture of all vertebrae were as described in the skull section. Fusion of the apophyseal joints had taken place between T5-6. Only nine fragments of ribs survived out of these seven displayed multiple fractures in the process of healing or were unhealed. The fractures were very close together (~10mm). Both arms displayed the same texture as described above. Both ulnae had unhealed fractures of the distal shaft (70mm above the distal joint) that were not united but in the process of healing. The trabecular structure had been replaced with dense callus bone in these areas. The right distal radius had what appeared to be a badly healed intra articular fracture with marked lipping around the joint surface. Both scapulae displayed multiple fractures of the spine and the lateral border on the left side (right side absent). (cont in gen path)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1970|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1970|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1970|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Miscellaneous|Hyperostosis frontalis interna|The frontal bone of the skull displayed a marked undulating surface on either side of the frontal crest. Further bony nodules were noted along the groove for the superior sagittal sinus and on the anterior portion of both temporal bones. All changes in the skull were consistent with HFI| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1972|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Neoplastic|Bone Tissue|Other (Neoplastic - Bone Tissue)|Multiple small isolated foci of Vasular bony changes on posterior portion, neck and mesial aspect of the femora, around the margins of the acetabulie and the anterior superior aspect of the L pubic bone. On the R acetabulum margin was disorganised build up of bone in a defined area measuring 32x18mm. A small patch of similar nature was seen on the left though to a much lesser degree. The lytic lesions are similar to those seen in metastatic carcinoma and in the pelvis and proximal femora which are some of the most commonly affected areas, though ribs and vertebrae were not affected. It suggests that the mestastases to the bone occurred from cancer of the prostrate, which would also explain the build up of bone in the pelvic area.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1972|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Diffuse infection on posterior aspect of the maxilla displayed porous pitted bone most likely as a result of the abscess with internal drain into the maxilla present in area of 18. The L ulna had swelling to the shaft, with fine periosteal pitting to the anterior proximal aspect of the shaft. this appeared non-active. Periosteal reaction was present on both proximal femora on the proximal posterior aspect. On the femora in area of neoplastic changes were patchy areas of porous periosteal bone growth on the neck and psoas major and illiacus. On the femora in area of neoplastic changes were patchy areas of porous periosteal bone growth on the neck and psoas major and illiacus. The tibia had longitudenal striae on the lateral and mesial aspect of the shaft.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1972|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Amputation|Right distal phalage (accidental??). R 1st phalage, Fine hairline fracture on the palmar aspect of the DIP joint. Fusion of the the intermediate and distal pahalange. only proximal portion of diatal phalange present, sclerotic margins suggest amputation of the distal aspect, probabaly accidental.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1972|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1972|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1976|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Other|Ankylosis|Ankylosis of L sacroiliac joint.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1976|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|Rupture of the inguinal ligament on the L pelvis causing extensive bony exostosis uniting the illiac crest via a false joint with the transverse process of the L5. Extensive lipping had occured between L4-L5 on the L side.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1976|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1976|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1980|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|possible developmental defect of the basioccipital with bony spurs protruding on the lateral border of the jugular limb of both pars lateralis. These further display and eroded intracranial surface along the posterior border with slightly cup shaped areas. The vorder of the cortex appears rounded and smooth. The internal portion of the pars basiliaris display a deep nutrient foramen which penetrates the bone and comes out along the anterior border of the foramen magnum.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1980|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1980|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1980|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Histiocytosis-X|"BOTH MANDIBLES BY THE 2ND MOLAR DISPLAY ROUNDED LESIONS ON THE ANTERIOR BORDER. IT IS UNCLEAR WHETHER THIS IS A NATURAL THOUGH ACCORDING TO THE DRAWINGS IN SCHEUER AND BLACK (2000) THIS APPEARS TO BE ABNORMAL. THE LESIONS ARE NOT DISSIMILAR TO THOSE DESCRIBED WITH REFERENCE TO LCH (HISTIOCYTOSIS X)"| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1981|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1981|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1983|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|bilateral extensive lipping, pitting and eburnation on the palmar border of the CMCJ of MC1. volar grroving on phalanges are very marked on both hands.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1983|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1983|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1986|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1986|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1988|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1988|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 6-11 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1990|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|Possible soft tissue injury distal ulna. Small area of swelling present on the anterior medial aspect of the distal shaft. A small smooth nodule of bone was ingrained in the cortical bone though there was no evidence of infection| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1990|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1990|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1991|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|L radial head was affected with OA displaying eburnation along the medial border on the head. Marginal lipping was present on the ulna but no eburnation. Both acromioclavicualr joints were affected with extensive OA with eburnation and marked pitting as well as minimal lipping. OA was also present in the vertebrae.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1991|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Circulatory|Osteochondroses|Osteochondritis dissicans|r distal humeroradial articulation displayed a circular defect in the cortical bone similar to that of OD though the circular bone had not parted from the humerus. the defect measured 6mm in diameter.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1991|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1991|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1991|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Healed fracture of R patella & L MT3 central shaft. The R mt3 displayed a well healed fracture on the central portion of the shaft with only minimal swelling around the area of injury. There was no reactive or infected bone present. The L talus articulation w the calcaneum had a depressed area on the anterior articulating facet appearing as an intra-articular fracture. The R patella had a lateral fracture running in an inferior-superior direction. Two lines of injury were present on the patellar surface running in the same direction. Though healed the superior border had a widened gap with a necrotic surface. The l patella likewise appeared to have a fracture line on the articulating surface along the lateral superior border.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1993|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|depression along the sagittal suture, possible parietal thinning. Further two hollow depressions one on the L and one on the R parietal bone. Blunt force trauma was considered but the location of the most pronounced depression in the suture made it more likely to be of another cause?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1993|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Other (Congenital-Skull Malformation)|Torticollis - marked asymmetry of occipital bone with bulging of the left aspect of the occipital.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1993|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|R rib displayed plaque like porous bone on the visceral surface of one rib. the reaction was situated on the central portion and appeared porotic but as a dense layer across the original cortex. Slight porous active reaction along the distal portion of the linear aspera of the L femur overlying the original cortical bone.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1993|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|Possible case of osteoporosis. The skeleton appeared very light and friable. The ribs had a very sharp inferior ridge with an inclination of "grooving" on the visceral surface. Fusion of the anterioir body of T3-5 has taken place but no obvious reduction in height was apparent.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1993|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1993|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1993|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Upper limb aplasia/hypoplasia/malformation|Large facets present between the articulation of the radius and ulna bilaterally. The radial tuberosity exhibited lipping but no pitting or eburnation. A marked facet was present on the proximal lateral portion into which the enlarged radial tuberosity fitted. When joint, the tuberosity with the facet on the r arm the ulna appeared to overlap the radius, which appeared to be the reverse of what would be expected perhaps suggesting that this was a congenital malformation rather than a trauma induced incident. This was further supported by the fact that this appeared to be bilateral. The muscle attachment of the humeri appeared very marked for this very slight individual and had perhaps developed to compensate for the lack of movement in the lower arms??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1995|FEMALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|craniotomy with breakage point at glabella. the severed edges are bevelled towards the endocranial portion on the left side, frontal and occipital portions suggesting that the cut was performed from the right side and chisseled for removal when to the left side. the cut was corrected on the occipital where on cut mark was abandoned in order to straighten the cut . there was no obvious pathological reason for the autopsy on the bone. none of the postcranial elements had been severed.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1995|FEMALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|congenital fusion of one distal and intermediate phlange of the L foot.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1995|FEMALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1995|FEMALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1997|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Eburnation present on distal articulation of R ulna anterior margin. Rib facets on lower thoracic vb likewise displayed eburnation, pitting and lipping.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1997|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1997|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1999|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1999|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1999|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Congenital|Miscellaneous|Spondylolysis (unilateral R)|Right sided unilateral spondylolisis of the 5th lumbar vb, detachment below the right superior facet. Asymmetry of the inferior facets with the right side flaring to lateral.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2001|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Eburnation present on L scaphoid articulation with the trapezium. none of the carpals, mcs or phalanges present had any signs of degeneration.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2001|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2001|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2003|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2003|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2003|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Histiocytosis-X|Bilateral rounded lytic lesions on the anteromedial aspect of the orbital roof. The rim of the margins exhibited bevelling on the endocranial portion and non-sclerotic margins. The lesions were approx. 10mm in diameter. Two fragments of cranial bone likely to be from the parietal region display similar lesions bevelled from the endocranial surface and sharp edges. The lesions were more elongated but still w. sharp edges. The pars lateralis had deep grooves on the lateral aspect of the intracranial portion on both sides by the posterior condylar canal. The pars basiliaris had a flattened appearance with a concave area on the superior aspect of the bone. None of the postcranial bones appear affected. Similar condition was seen in skeleton [1314] from Farringdon and rew92 [126]| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2005|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|eburnation present on DIP joint on right hand. Bilateral OA present on the 1st MTPH joint on the central plantar surface.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2005|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|Possible osetoporosis. No pathological fracture. Bones felt very porous and friable. and were very light. The sectioned L4 further displayed a very porous trabecular structure.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2005|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2005|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2006|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|smooth sclerotic periosteal reaction on the visceral surfae of two left ribs. The reaction was situated immidiately anterior of the angle running in a mediolateral direction along the central portion of the shaft.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2006|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|No fractures were present but the sectioned vertebra revealed a very porous and open trabecular structure with large voids. The vertebrae and ribs were extremenly light and fragile whilst the longbones and pelvis though light did not appear particualrly osteoporotic in nature.T7-8 had slight lateral (left) vertebral reduction causing mild kyphoscolisos of the spine.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2006|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2006|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2009|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Other|Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)|Only L2-5 were preserved in this individual. Candlewax fusion along the R side on the vertebral body had occured on L2-4 whilst on L4-5 this was left sided. The apophyseal joints and the actual disc space of the vertebral body was maintained. Fusion was double sided between L5-S1| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2009|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2009|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2011|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Other (Congenital-Spinal Disorders)|Congenital absence of the odontoid peg with scondary OA in the area. Cervical vertebrae 2-6 were affected with OA suggesting that the absence of the Odontoid peg had caused some strain to the neck?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2011|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|New layers of bone formed on the visceral surface of 2 right and one left rib (the left rib also had a healed fracture). Due to post mortem damage of the bone it was possible to observe layers of new bone having been laid down.The perisoteal infection was situated on the visceral surface of the body. One displayed a depression in the new bone and woven bone on the surface.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2011|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Eburnation present on the distal joint of the L ulna.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2011|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|Possible osteoporosis. The vertebrae and ribs appeared very light weight and the trabecular structure seen on the sectioned L4 was very open and porous. The illie were very thin but were not deformed.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2011|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2011|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2011|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|two well healed fractures of left ribs. Swelling was present around the area of injury situated at the angle of two lower ribs. one rib displayed slight overlap. Both ribs had spicular bony outgrowhts in the injuried area.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2013|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2013|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2015|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Other (Trauma - Accidental)|well healed Possible nasal fracture. the nasal bone had reunited at an angle causing asymmetry with the nasal bone skewed to the left. Overlap of the fractured nasal bone had occured to the left, casuing the asymmetry.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2015|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Other (Miscellaneous)|Gallstone?? small 22.2mm rounded clacified nodule with a yellowish brown cortex and white porous internal matrix. Unfortunately the nodule had been partially crushed due to poor packaging but may have formed a smooth round/oval ball when complete.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2015|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Skull malformation (general)|"THIS INDIVIDUAL HAS VERY SMALL FACIAL FEATURES IN PARTICULAR AROUND THE MAXILLAY AREA. ASSYMETRY WAS PRESENT IN THE UPPER TORSO WHERE THE L ARM WAS MAKEDLY SHORTER THAN THE RIGHT."| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2015|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|small hook like protuberance present on the distolateral portion of the L tibia in the area of the interosseous ligament. A small smooth bony nodule was present by the posterior tibiofibular ligament suggesting a soft tissue rupture of this area. It was possible that the small area of non-specific periositis was an effect of this rupture??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2015|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2015|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2015|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Porotic hyperostosis|Area of macroporosity was present on the ectocranial portion of the frontal bone immididately anterior of bregma, measuring 50x37mm. The surface was smooth and pitted with no reactive bone and compalete intergration into the original cortex. Very small patch of reactive pourous layer overlying the original cortex on the frontal crest of the L tibia no other reactive bone was present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2015|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|PIPE FACETS PRESENT IN AREA OF DENTITION 22,23,32,33| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2019|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2019|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2021|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2021|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2023|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Erosive Arthropathy|Other (Joints - Erosive Arthropathy_|Possible erosive arthropathy of the L MT4, exhibiting small scalloped lesions on either side of the inferioir portioin of the TMT joint surface. As no other lesion were present in any of the foot bones this is a tentative a suggestion. The margins appeared smooth and may simply be natural variation.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2023|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Small area of plaque like porous bone on the distal posterior portion of the R radius above the radiaulnar joint, which may be associated with the slight arthritic changes to the distal joint surface of radius.The porous pitted nature of the periosteal reaction suggested that this was active at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2023|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|OA present on the superior border of the of the MTPJ surface of left and right MT1's. this appeared to have been caused by extreme dorsiflexion of the toes. extensive pitting present on the MTPJ surface and the L articulation of the TMT joint. prob caused by repeated flexion.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2023|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2023|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2023|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Healed spiral fracture of R humerus causing shortening of the shaft. The fracture waswell healed though not well reduced. intraarticular fracture of the talocrual joint surface of the L tibia extending upwards 77mm along the lateral portion of the shaft. the fracture was well healed, with only small area of non-union 38mm from the joint surface. Further fracture of the by the L acromoiclavicular joint, situated 33mm from the joint. 2 healed fractures were present on the central portion r ribs.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2025|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Infectious|Other Infection|Other (Infectious - Miscellaneous)|DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS see (scurvy)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2025|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Metabolic|Vitamin C Deficiency|Scurvy|Possible scurvy. Observations were limited due to widespread cortical damaged. Classical changes on the ectocranial portion of the skull were not present and damage to the orbital roofs prevented definite observations on orbital roof. Definite areas of porosity were present on the EOP of the occipital bone, the area surrounding the mandibular fossa, showing deep vertical pits penetrating the curvature of the mandibular notch. Possible areas of porosity were the inferior aspect of the greater sphenoid wings and posterior of the external auditory meatus on the temporal bone. The number of postcranial elemets was affected with a layer of new periosteal bone including the curvature of the supraspinous fossa on the scapula, possibly the shaft of the L humerus and the definite on the shaft of the right femur. The ribs further appeared to display and abnormal degree of porosity along the inferior aspect of the shaft. It should be stressed that this is a very tentative suggestion as the classic skull changes were not apparent or unobservable. It is possible that the changes were related to a widespread infection. The diagnosis was purely based on the porosities observed on the mandible| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2025|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|3| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2025|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|3| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2029|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|[4212] The femoral neck length was greatly reduced with a large fossa replacing the trabecular structure, whilst the cortical bone remained thickened and intact.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2029|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|New Periosteal bonegrowth on the visceral surface of the ribs. Apperaing mainly to have affected the right side, though fragmentation did not allow this to be confirmed for certain. The The new bone growth appeared porous overlying the original cortex, situated on the central shaft and sternal end of the ribs. prob. still active at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2029|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Other|Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)|Advanced DISH. Right sided candlewax fusion on T5-12 with disk space remaining intact and no fusions of the facets . C5-7 displayed marked anterior lipping with IVD of C6-7. marked lippig was present on the lumbar vertebrae but fusion had not yet occured.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2029|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2029|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2029|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Unhealed fracture (hypertrophic non-union)|Unhealed femoral head fracture causing the fractured portion of the femoral head had remaied intact and therefore suggests that the blood vessels had not ruptured extensive callus formation noted in the acetabulum and femoral head as well as in area of non-union. One fragment of bone displyed extensive eburnation caused by movement on the surface of the fracture. The eburnation on the fractrue surface suggest that the individual continued to use the leg after the trauma had occured. The affected joint had a formation of irregular pieces of bone. (cont gen path)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2031|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2031|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2035|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2035|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2035|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|SHORT ROOTS ON CENTRAL MAXILLARY INCISORS.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2037|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2037|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2043|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|RIBS: Transverse cut marks present on at least 5 ribs aproximately 36mm from the sternal end. 3 fine cut mark can be seen on the anterior surface on one rib, suggesting a cutting tool with a very fine tool/saw. probabaly to open up chest cavity in order to examine internal organs.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2043|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Kyphosis|Degenerative kyphosis of the spine. reduction of vertebral height in the lower thoracic (8-12) and of L5 caused bowing of the spine in an anterior direction., particularly marked bowing along the upper thoracic region. The L5 was markedly flattened and the articulation of the body with the S1 exhibited a pronounced concave surface of S1 whilst the inferior body of L5 shows nodular bone growth and IVD.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2043|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Circulatory|Osteochondroses|Osteochondritis dissicans|L HUMERUS: present on the humeroulnar trochlea. The bony nodule which had originally "loosened" has rejoined the joint though the lesion is still noticably circular (7mm in diameter).| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2043|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2043|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2049|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Neoplastic|Neoplastic General|Bone cysts|Chondroblastoma: Rounded foci situated on the proximal posterior right femur on site of the endochondral ossification of the greater trochantar. The foci measure 15mm in diameter and a depth og 14mm. There was no sign of any infection or swelling to the bone in the area. the margins of the foci were rounded and smooth and resembled that of Aufdeheide and Rodriguez-Martin (1999, 380)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2049|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|4 (Foramina have linked into a trabecular structure)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2049|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2053|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Other (Trauma - Accidental)|Injury to the distal portion of the 1st dital phalange of the right hand. the distal portion had a concavity and a small area of necrosis to medial.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2053|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2053|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2053|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Multiple rib fractures: a total of 14 well healed fractures all situated on the right ribs. Three fractures were situated just anterior to the head and 11 fractures situated on the mid portion of the shaft. All fractures were well healed with only slight swelling around the areas of injury. two had spiky bones protruding from the injuries.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2055|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2055|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2058|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|Upper rib (3) with possible soft tissue injury on anterior portion of sternal end. Small bony growth formed.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2058|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2058|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2059|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Trauma|Accidental|Other (Trauma - Accidental)|R TEMPMANDIBULAR JOINT: marked reduction in size of the head of the right mandibular ramus. the right mandibular fossa has created a "false joint" in an anterior direction, as if dislocation of the mandible has taken place. there was no eburnation in the area but marked pitting and the borderes were very demarkated. perhaps indicating that the dislocation occured not long before death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2059|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|R MAXILLARY SINUS: fine spicules of bone potruding from the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus. Not present on the left side. this may possible may be associated w a cronic infection of the sinus.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2059|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2059|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2059|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|DIST R RAD: Intraarticular fracture of the radicarpal joint articualtion with the lunate. Fine hairline fracture running in a posterior anterior direction across teh central portion of the joint surface, some degree of healing has taken lace though the edges of the fracture still appear sharp in places and may therefore have been a recent injury??. Lipping was present on the scaphoid articulation, prob secondary to the fracture.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2061|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2061|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2061|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Nasal fracture. Right nasal bone diplayed incomplete union with the r maxilla. the nasal bones were assymetrical with the r nasal bone protruding to lateral more than the left. The injury was well healed but had caused a right shift of the nasal bone.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2063|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2063|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2065|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|TIBIAE: fine striae present along the posterior medial ridge both tibiae most pronounced on the distal half of the shaft, though raised they appear intigrated into the cortical bone and was apparently not active at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2065|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|L MC5 & prox phalange: slight eburnation present on the palmar portion of the distal joint durface of the L MC5 and on the proximal portion of the 5th phalange along the dorsal margin, suggesting that the finger was flexed in a 90 degree angle from the MC. . lipping was present around the joint marging iof the proximal phalangeal joint.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2065|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Erosive Arthropathy|Gout|R MT1 & Prox phalange. Large scooped out lytic lesion causing destruction of the distal joint surface of the R MT1 and prox joint syrface of the R 1st prox phlange. the destruction appears to be unilateral though post mortem damages have obscured the observations to the L MT1, there were no changes to the L prox 1st phalange.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2065|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Residual rickets manifested in both femora and the tibiae. The femora exhibit marked anterior bowing on the upper 1/3 of the shaft causing the linea aspera to appear very pronounced. the tibia were flattened in a medio-lateral direction w. a very poronouced anterior crest and anterior bowing.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2065|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2065|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2065|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Hyperostosis frontalis interna|marked swelling on endocranial aspect of the frontal bone. surface was heavily undulating. Marked grooves were present along the endocranial aspect of the coronal suture. A small area of periosteal new bone growth was present on the most posterior apsect of the frontal crest.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2065|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|2 RIBS: two well healed fractures of the left ribs situated on the central portion of the shaft.slight overlap is apparent with smooth swelling around the injury. on both ribs anterior to the injuy is a raised bony ridge running in a anterior posterior direction along the central portion of the shaft. the rasied area was smooth and appeared integrated into the cortex though the colour was lighter.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2068|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Spina bifida occulta. Complete non-union of the neural arch from S1-4| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2068|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2068|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2069|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2069|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2069|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Histiocytosis-X|Very uncertain diagnosis, thought to have some of the changes previously diagnosed individuals. Skull: both pars lateralis displayed thinning to the posterior lateral region. The thinning was rounded and had a small perforation on the right portion (1.5mm) where as on the left side the thinning caused complete perforation. On the right posterior superior portion of the temporal the bone appeared irregular with smooth pitting, one small area was perforated .with a rounded 3.3mm lesion. The margins appeared smooth though no repair had taken place. One fragment of skull bone had an appearance like the temporal bone. The ecto-cranial surface was irregular and displayed a smooth pitted surface. The bone appeared thinned though this is uncertain. Finally the lower thoracic and lumbar laminae of the vertebrae on the lateral portions appeared to display abnormally large pitting which may be associated with the pitting seen on the temporal area of the skull. All other bones present had no abnormal changes.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2071|FEMALE?|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific osteitis|Localised infection taking place circumferencially on distal shaft of the R femur. The cortex displayed marked irregular swelling the layer appeared "netted" with irregular pitting. There was a complete absence of lytic foci and no evidence of any trauma. The infectioned appeared well contained and none of the adjacent bone had any reactions. the overall apperance suggested an active chronic inflamation. an x-ray will reveal any encroachment on the meduallary cavity or whether it may be an ulcer| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2071|FEMALE?|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2071|FEMALE?|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2073|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Rudimentary first left rib which appeared to articulate with the shaft of the superior left 2nd rib.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2073|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2073|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2073|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Hyperostosis frontalis interna|Undulating surface on the endocranial surface of the frontal bone covering the entire surface though most prominenet on either side of the frontal crest. This appeared to be a mild stage though the classic rice grain sized nodules were not present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2073|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|POSSIBLE BILATERAL PIPE FACETS PRESENT ON THE DISTAL POTION OF BOTH CANINES.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2073|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Shaft exhibiting a two well healed fracture on central portion of L rib.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2075|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Other (Trauma - Accidental)|Possible trauma to R phlange, Fracture apparent on midshaft causing slight angulation to the shaft. Tapering of bone have occured in a distal direction with absence of the intermidiate phlangeal joint. it may be that the finger had been "amputated" from this point and therefore atrophy had set in?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2075|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|complete sacralization of L6| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2075|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Femur, Tibia: ragged periosteal bony reaction along linear aspera of the R femur. Only prox tibia preserved but displayed marked enthsopathies on the tibial tuberosity as well as pitting and periosteal reaction in area of popliteus and soleus. this may be a reaction of possible infection the the muscular soft tissue.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2075|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2075|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2077|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Congenital malformation of lateral hyoids. The greater horn on the right side had developed an extra facet whilst the left side was significantly shorter and more angulated than normal. It is possible that this malformation affected the speach as the bone supports the tongue and gives attachment to numerous muscles used in speech (Bass 1995,65). Extra numerary Lumbar vertebra present (L6)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2077|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2077|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2081|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2081|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2083|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Erosive Arthropathy|Other (Joints - Erosive Arthropathy_|The acromioclavicular joint of the left clavicle displayed marked scooped out lytic lesion along the margins of the joint surface. all margins of the lesions were non-sclerotic, with no sign of repair. A further possibele lytic lesions was present on the lateral margin of the Distal joint of the L MC, in form of a small circular lesions with non-slerotic margins, penetrating inward affecting the trabecular bone. the lesions measured 1mm in diameter.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2083|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2083|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2085|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Other (Miscellaneous)|Pubic symphysis. Marked depression on the posterior border of the pubic symphysis. Possible imprint of aneurysm. The anterior portion had a line of marked lipping and an area of smooth new woven bone. It is possible that this individual suffered during childbirth or gave birth numerous time?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2085|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2085|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2087|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2087|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2093|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2093|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2097|FEMALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2097|FEMALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2101|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|RIBS, TIBIAE, CALCANEA: The ribs displayed porous pitted periosteal reactions immediately anterior of the heads. In a number of ribs the reaction appeared aggressive and caused corosion of the original cortex. In other ribs it appeared as a fine pitted extra cortical layer overlying the original cortex, both reactions appeared to be active. On the medial posterior portion of both distal tibiae was a fine pitted extra cortical layer of active bone growth likewise present on the mesial portion of both calcanea. The basio-occipital bone appeared to have an irregular and porous surface and may have been exposed to infection, possibly linked to the rib infections??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2101|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|RESIDUAL RICKETS evident in lower limb bones. both femora display marked anteriolateral bending. the tibiae are flattened in a medial lateral direction with a sharp anterior crest as well as anterior bowing of the lower 1/3 of the shaft.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2101|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2101|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2101|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Congenital|Miscellaneous|Spondylolysis (bilateral)|OF L5 BOTH THE VERTEBRAL BODY AND THE SPINOUS PROCESS PRESENT separated below the superior processes.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2105|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Specific Infection|Tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis/bovis)|DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS (SEE SEPTIC ARTHROPATHY)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2105|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Other Infection|Septic arthropathy (non-specific)|R wrist: The distal radius display complete ankylosis of the scaphoid and the lunate. the articulation of these with the remaining carpals however remained intact, though w. extensive lipping on the joint surfaces. the proximal MC's, despite postmortem damage suggest ankylosis of the carpals with the metacarples.this could also be TB but there are no changes to the vertebrae and no shortening of the limbs.the phalanges were unaffected.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2105|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2105|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2105|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|well healed fracture of left "false rib" below the head. slight overlap has occured in area of injury but is otherwise well healed.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2107|MALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|CRANIOTOMY. Cut through with a saw showing the point of breakage immidiately anterior of the L lambdoid suture. Cutting was carried out along the posterior margin on the occipital bone and on the frontal bone, prob two starting points.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2107|MALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2107|MALE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2109|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|eburnation present bilaterally on the acromioclavicular joint surfaces. The right hand 1st CMCJ MCPJ of the MC2| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2109|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2109|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2111|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2111|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2111|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|PIPE FACET VISIBLE IN L UPPER AND LOWER CANINE.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2114|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Skull malformation (general)|Bilateral concha bullosa. Not certain if this is a congenital or environmentally induced defect. both concha are swollen, the left side to a higer degree than the right.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2114|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Kyphosis|Reduction of anterior portion of vertebral body of T5-10. causing a marked forward curvature of the spine. the reduction on the T5-6 is significant with an almost 4mm reduction.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2114|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Fine pitted and striated extracortical bone growth on both tibiae situated mainly on the posterior and lateral portions of the central 1/3 of the shafts. The right tibia appeared more affected than the left . both tibia also displayed mild lateral bwoing of the proximal shaft, though not sufficient to diagnose residual rickets. Mild pitted and striated bone growth present on the anterior lowe 1/3 of the femora. the reactions appeared to have been active at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2114|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2114|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2116|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|Aplastic rib for 12th Thoracic vertebra.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2116|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|A majority of the the left ribs displayed irregular bony nodules in the area of the angle on the visceral surface. the nodular surface protruded out causing a smooth undulating surface with mild pitting. Further sclerotic non-specific periositis was present on the lateral posterior border along the linear aspera of the right femur. All reactions appeared to healed at the time of death| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2116|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2116|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2116|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|multiple fractured ribs (3 right & 3 left) situated on central posterior portion of the shaft (~70mm from the sternal end). The healing has caused mild malallignment and swelling around the area of injury. The ribs affected appear to be from the upper half.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2118|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Other (Trauma - Accidental)|Intermediate foot phalange with flattening and reduction of the head (distal portion) possibly caused by trauma to foot??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2118|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Neoplastic|Bone Tissue|Other (Neoplastic - Bone Tissue)|Small circular raised approx 10mm in diameter, situated on the L parietal bone in the angle of the lambdoid and saggital suture. The bone did not have defined edges as seen in button osteomas and appears to be part of the original cortical bone.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2118|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2118|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2120|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Bifid rib present on L side with double sternal end present on a single rib. One stumped rib fragment (head) present (53mm) may be a result of the bifid rib.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2120|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Eburnation present of the CMC joint of the L MC1 & L trapezium. On MC1 present along the palmar border. Moderate lipping present along the joint margins.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2120|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Other|Ankylosis|Bilateral fusion of the superior border of the sacroilliac joint. Joint surface remained unfused but displayed irregular nodular bone growth. Possibly an effect of spinal strain as this displayed marked lipping on the llumbar region.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2120|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2120|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2122|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|CARPLES, MC1: Eburnation and slight lipping present along the inferior border of the L CMCJ of the MC1 and the left trapezium .| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2122|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Compression fracture (vertebrae)|Cervicle: Compression fracture of cx3-4 with complete fusion of the cx2-5. Marked recuction of the body height of vb bodies of 3-4. fusion between spinous processes are spicular strands of bone forming between the vertebrae.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2122|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2122|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2124|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2124|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2124|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|BILATERAL PIPE FACETS LOWER I2 AND C| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2126|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Scoliosis|Slight lateral height reduction of T6-8 on left side causing mild scoliosis of spine. this may be associated with the osteoporosis causing weakening of the trabecular structure.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2126|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Extra cortical bone growth present on the visceral surface of the heads of central right ribs. the layer was a dense layer intergrated into the cortex and overlain by pitted porous bone, perhaps suggesting healing with reoccurence of the infection. Changes were noted on 3 ribs.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2126|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Pathological fracture|Colle's fracture of Right distal radius,. fracture caused the distal end to heal in an anterior direction causing changes to the joint surfaces in form of marginal lipping though no eburnation was present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2126|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|Possible osteoporosis. Diagnosis based on the sectioned L4, displaying very open trabecular structure with lateral areas of voids in the structure. Colle's fracture present R distal radius (see pathological fracture). Cupping present on the iliae.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2126|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2126|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2126|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|3 rib fractures situated on angle. two right side and 1 left side. Swelling present arouond area of injury with bony spicules present on right ribs. All lower ribs but no flase ribs affected. May have been provoked by the presence of osteoporosis??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2128|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2128|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2130|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|ATLAS deformation: The left side of the atlas had a marked posterior arch and the condyle on this side was rounded mirroring the shape of the occiptal condyle. It is possible this was a non-union occipitalization.the R posterior arch may have been similar but partially absent.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2130|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2130|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2132|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Other (Metabolic - General)|Evidence of osteopenia was apparent in the sectioned L4, displaying a very coarse texture as well as areas of trabecular voids in form of small fossa's in the trabecular structure.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2132|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Eburnation present on the right patella situated on the central lateral portion of the articulation with the patella. Both glenoid cavities of the scapulae displayed large areas of coarse pitting and marked lipping. similarly present in the left acetabulum though no eburnatio was present in any of these areas.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2132|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2132|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2134|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|both femora exhibited Perisosteal reaction on the medial portion of the shaft in area of vastus medialis. the bone appeared dense and incorporated into the original cortex with sporadic fine pitting on the surface. Both tibiae displayed dense bone anterior of the interossous border on the central portion of the shaft. The right bone had similar reaction between the medial and anterior border on the central portion. the left tibia displayed more marked reaction to dista and boht fibulae on cetral and distal shaft to medial displayed in form of porous pitted bone aaprently still active at the time of death. all other reactions appeared well healed.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2134|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2134|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2136|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Other (Metabolic - General)|Moderate anterior collapse of T9 as well as very light and fribale feel to the bones suggest possible osteopenia in this individual. Being and elderly female this is very likely.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2136|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2136|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2138|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|INFECTION WAS NOTED ON THE L FIBULA ON THE UPPER 1/3 OF THE SHAFT TO LATERAL IN FORM OF STRIATED AND PITTED BONE, PROBABALY ACTVIVE AT THE TIME OF DEATH.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2138|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific osteitis|TWO DISTINCT AREAS OF SWELLING PRESENT ON ANTERIOR PORTION OF THE R FEMORAL MID-DISTAL SHAFT. THE MORE PROXIMAL SWELLING WAS SITUATED TO MEDIAL OF THE MIDSHAFT AND MEASURES (58X21MM) THE DISTAL MEASURES 83X27MM AND WAS SITUATED MORE LATERAL. BOTH DISPLAYED A SMOOTH SCLEROTIC SURFACE INDICATING THAT ANY INFECTION WAS WELL HEALED PRIOR TO DEATH. THE BONE FORM PART OF THE ORIGINAL CORTEX AND THE INFECTION MAY HAVE MANIFESTED FROM WITHIN SUGGESTING A POSSIBLE DIAGNOISIS OF OSTEOITIS| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2138|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2138|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2138|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|2 unsided ribs displayed well healed fractures. One was immidiately posterior of the sternal end whilst the other was too fragmented to be able to identify the location. Both exhibited smooth swelling around the area of injury.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2140|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|Ribs and Clavicle: at least 4 ribs had been severed vertially at the sternal end, probabaly to open up the chest cavity. One rib displayed a series on fine cut mark attemts on the anterior surface following an attempt of cutting through the rib. The right clavicle had been severed approximaltely 30mm from the sternal end. This was a clean cut with no breaking point. One small fragment of bone displayed a series of fine cut marks on the cortex. The bone was a small splinter and it was not possible to establish which bone it came from other than a long bone and most likely the tright tibia or femur as these were the only damaged elements. the skull was not present and no other element| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2140|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2140|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2140|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|R Acromioclavicular joint on Clavicle, Right distal joint area of fibula. The Right acromioclavicular joint displayed evidence of a fracture with dislocation of the epihysis. this had caused secondary degenerative joint disease in form of extensive pitting on the joint surface. A vertical fracture extending 58mm in a proximal direction from the distal joint surface was present on the right fibula. The fracture was well healed and did not have appear to have affected the joint surface itself.Slight malalignment had occured in an anterior direction.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2142|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Specific Infection|Other (Infectious - Specific infection)|SINUSITIS: Maxillary sinuses exhibit a smooth undulating surface with thickning of the internal walls, localised areas of porosity present. the layring of the extra bone may suggest that these represent a series of events ?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2142|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Circulatory|Osteonecroses|Femoral head necrosis|Possible traumatic dislocation of the L hip followed by aseptic necrosis, with traumatic dislocation of the ligamentum teres causing necrosis of the femoral head. The area of the femoral head had become flattened with lipping, pitting and eburnation. The acetabulum, though heavily fragmented appeared flattened through disuse. The shaft of the both the femur and the tibia on the left side had clearly atrophied, showing a marked difference in thickness from the right side. The femoral head on the right side was not present, but the shaft appeared normal suggesting that this was a unilateral necrosis. Asymmetry appeared to be present in the humeri w the L humerus being slighter, though the L clavicle was longer than the r. they had similar robusticity. The vertebral facets were heavily affected by OA and the L inferior facet on the L4 was markedly enlarged."| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2142|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2142|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2142|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Hyperostosis frontalis interna|Discreet small elongated nodules of bone on the endocranial surface of the frontal bone along the frontal crest. If this is HFI it is at a very early stage.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2144|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Bilateral periosteal reaction of on the central medial portion of the femora. Raised smooth sclerotic bone present along the border in area of vastus medialis. The reaction was localised and appeared smooth and well healed with no porous or pittted bone present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2144|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2144|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2144|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|well healed inter-articular fracture of the medial malleolus of the right tibia. fracture running in an anterior posterior direction and would have detached the medial malloulus from the bone. Another inter-articular fracture appears to be present on 1st proximal left phalanx of the hand, running across the articulation at an angle in a palmar dorsal direction. The fracture was very well healed leaving only a smooth indentation on the artic. surface.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2146|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2146|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2148|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Other (Trauma - Accidental)|HAIRLINE FRACTURE OF R MC3 CMCJ. Running diagonally across the joint surface in a mediolateral direction. slight pitting and new bone formation on the lateral portion of the mc shaft.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2148|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific osteitis|L+R TIBIAE, L FIBULA & DIST FEMORA: Shaft of distal femora and central shaft of tibiae and fibula displayed swelling and pitted striated bone growth the R tibial shaft was undulating to the mediolateral portion of the shaft with two distinct areas of swelling. To posterior of the R tibia around the nutrient foramen was a further defined area of swelling. The lateral portion of the shaft was also the main affected area on the L tibia where marked striae and pitting was present. The left fibula was swollen on the central and distal portion of the shaft. No woven bone was present and healing appeared to have taken place in all areas affected. The L illium on the anterior inferior iliac spine was further pitted new bone formation which also appeared healed.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2148|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2148|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2148|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|L CLAVICLE ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT: intraarticular fracture on the L acromioclavicular joint surface. Bone irregular and displaced around the margins of the bone suggesing two areas of trauma.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2150|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|Craniotomy. showing clear saw marks and a breakage point on the endocranial portion by the groove for the superior sagittal sinus. No other dissection appeared to have been carried out in the skeleton.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2150|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|FRONTAL BONE, R CLAVICLE, R HUMERUS, L RIBS, R FIBULA: Fine porous woven bone extending from the right and left orbit in two discreet patches. Layer of porous bone situated on the endo-cranial orbital part. The r clavicle exhibits gross spicular periosteal bone growth along the groove for the sub clavicle muscle extending along the superior margin of the shaft. on the r humerus a small sheet of porous bone overlying the original cortex is situated on the posterior portion of the lateral condyle. The L ribs were affected on the visceral surface, where thin sheets of porous bone had been laid down along the shaft. Cortical thickening appear to be present by the heads w. more sclerotic and macro porotic appearing bone. The infection does seem to extend along the entire length of the shaft, though the sternal ends are missing. Finally the fibulae exhibit fine diffuse micro porosity towards the proximal portion of the shaft.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2150|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Infectious|Specific Infection|Tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis/bovis)|possible TB (very tentative!) the VB are very damaged but T1 appears to exhibit punched out lesion on the inferior anterior portion of the vb body and a small area of denser disorganised trabecular bone thought these lesions may well be post mortem. on the R portion of the VB body "spicules" of bone protrude sideways. The cause of these spicules are not clear and look very unusual and are unlikely to be associated with any possible TB.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2150|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Trauma|Interpersonal Violence|Sharp force trauma (edged implement) healed|L OCCIPITAL BONE: Possible sharp force trauma situated on the L portion of the occipital bone adjacent to the ext.occ.cond. the injury had smooth edges and appears to have been caused by a 14mm wide tool inserted from above at and agle into the bone. It is possible that this tool was wider being a well healed injury the widt may have been 24mm?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2150|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2150|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2152|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Healed periosteal reaction on the shaft of the right fibula, most likely to be a result of the a distal fracture?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2152|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|secondary OA from fracture of distal radius present on the capital view from the triquetral. This was a small area of eburnation with underlying pitting. No other bone in the hands or wrists appeared affected.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2152|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|Colle's fracture present on L distal radius. see description in healed fractures. Vertebrae were not present so it was not possible to esablish if this was part of accidental fractures sustained in the tibia or as a consequence of osteoporosis???| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2152|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2152|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2152|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Hyperostosis frontalis interna|POSSIBLE. Plaque like formation of bone was present along the frontal crest of the frontal bone. measuring approx 10mm in length. These did not appaear to be typical HFI, as one would have expected more swelling. These sheets of bone were standing proud of the cortex. It is therefore unclear is this could be interpreted as HFI??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2152|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|DISTAL L RADIUS, DISTAL TALOCRUAL JOINTS OF BOTH TIBIAE, DISTAL FIBULAE. Colle's fracture of L radius. this was well healed and was well aligned anterior posterior. New bone growth was present to lateral and swelling to the bone to posterior, which also exhibited slight porosity. otherwise no obvious sign of infaction.The talocrural joint of both tibiae appeared to display intra articular fractures. The R was mild with only fine lines present by the medial maleolous. The L displayed extensive modification of of the joint and bony swelling around the joint itself. the posterior aspect of the joint was dislocated and appeared to have formed 3 facets. the central aspect of the joint displayed marked porosity. Both distal fibulae displayed fractures. The R had a diagonal fracture running from anterior to posterior above the actual joint. The L fracture had caused the distal shaft of the fibula to split in a vertical direction approx 70mm up the shaft. marked lipping and secondary eburnation was present on the joint surface. all fractures were well healed and had no secondary infection present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2154|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|Craniotomy. Only the skull cap and right orbital ridge was preserved. Possible skinning marks were noted on the frontal bone. The glabella area had was damaged post mortem and missing. The calvarium cut was well performed with only very few slippage points. The saw marks were unusually fine. No obvious breakage point was present. it was unclear whether the atlas had been severed along the possterior arch or whether post-mortem damaged had caused a clean vertical break.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2154|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Unilateral healed perisoteal reaction on the mediodistal aspect of the left tibia in form of longitudenal striae.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2154|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2154|FEMALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2156|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Pathological fracture|see osteoporosis| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2156|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|Colle's fracture present on R distal radius. Swelling in a transverse direction above the distal articulation. The fracture was well healed w. only minimal distortion. Lipping was present on the styloid process of the ulna. Apophyseal fusion was present in the vertebrae, which were very light and porous. The ribs were very thinned and displayed 3 fractures on 3 separate ribs on the central portion, most likely a consequence of the OP. The femur was very fragmented and it was not possible to make observations on femoral neck fractures.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2156|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2156|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2156|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|see 531| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2158|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|layer of porous pitted perisosteal reaction on two L ribs on the visceral portion of the head. no other ribs appeared to have similar reactions. The porous nature of the bony growth suggest that this was active at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2158|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2158|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2161|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Skull malformation (general)|Torticollis Assymetrical skull Causing flattening of the L occipital bone, The nuchal crest is very pronounced. The R Mandibular fossa was more posterior that the L with "drooping" of the R zygomatic bone and orbit. The facial measurements were small and the maxilla and mandible did have congenital absence of both M2 & 3.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2161|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Possible residual rickets: both tibia displayed medial bowing to the proximal shaft with a pronounced anterior ridge. The bowing however though marked is perhaps not sufficeint for a diagnosis of rickets no other limbs were affected?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2161|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2161|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2164|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|BOTH RADII EXHIBITED DESTINCT ANTERIOR FLARING OF THE DISTAL PORTION. DID NOT APPEAR TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH A FRACTURE AS BILATERAL AND NO SIGNS OF ANY INJURIES. MORE LIKELY REPEATED MECHANICAL MOTION, THE DISTAL PHALANGES DISPLAY A MARKED GROOVING ON THE PROXIMAL PALAMAR PORTION IN THE AREA OF THE FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS, WHICH MAY HAVE BEEN CAUSED BY MECHANICAL MOTION.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2164|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Kyphosis|Secondary kyhosis caused by fracture of the R illium? - reduction of VB height in T6-9 caused the vertebrae to fold in an anterior direction.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2164|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|R RIBS. 2 R ribs display microporosity along the inferior portion of the shaft but superior to the costal groove. The porpus pitted bone overlies the original cortex and appear to have been active at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2164|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2164|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2164|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Miscellaneous|Spondylolysis (bilateral)|L5 bilateral spondylolisis. this may be associated with the fracture of the right illium. It appears that L3 did not fracture but was exposed to stress as extra bonegrowth was present in the area adjacent to the inferior tubercle.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2164|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|R ILLIUM. Well healed fracture following the inferior border of the gluteus medius. Slight overlap present causing the iliac crest portion of the bone to skew in an anterior direction. The fracture may have caused the spondylolisis of the L5 and the further reaction of the L3 [SEE spondylolisis]. The vertebrae were affected from T5 to T11 where reduction of anterior height occurs in T6-9, resulting in slight kyphosis of the spine.NASAL: possible nasal fracture. Nasal bone was complete but heavily skewed to the left and did not appear to be well fused along margins of the maxillary bone. The nasal septum appeared asymmetrical as well as the inferior nasal border.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2164|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Unhealed fracture (atrophic non-union)|MANDIBLE: Possible non-united fracture of the L condyle. surface of condyle flattened and coarse, suggesting the superior portion of the condyle is absent. No remodelling has taken place in the mandibular fssa , perhaps suggestion that the changes are not arthritic and were and were sustained not this type of fracture has been associated with an upward blow to the mandible.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2165|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Kyphosis|Slight kyphosis of the spine due to reduction of vertebral body hight in T7-8. there are no major reactions to this though osteophytes are more pronounced and ragged on the spinous process on T5-8.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2165|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|Spina bifida occulta and complete sacralizatin of L6.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2165|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Diffuse periosteal reaction present on the distal anterior metaphyses of both radii, the anterior metaphyses of both femora and medial portion of both distal metaphyses of the tibiae and posterior lateral surface of both calcanea. The pattern of periosteal reaction was consistently bilateral an appeared associated with the distal metaphyses in most cases. On the medial ridge of both femora were two areas of swelling also bilateral one situated below the lesser trochantar and the second on the proximal portion of the lower 3rd of the shaft. Both swellings were smooth and exhibited fine pitting on the surface. The other bilateral periosteal reactions were a fine layer of porous bone overlying the cortex. The integrity of the cortex in all cases remained intact. The distal fibulae were also affected on both the medial and lateral side it is almost certain that the pattern could be associated with a more specific infection though in this instant no match could be found.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2165|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2165|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2165|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|1 R and 2 L rib fractures partially healed displaying a layer of porpous bone formation across the healing injuries. All fractures were situated on the central portion of central ribs| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2167|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2167|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2169|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2169|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2171|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|This skull appeared to have an incomplete craniotomy. Cut along the frontal bone and along the L parietal and temporal bone. The R side was inconclusive as this was fragmented. The occipital and posterior portions of the parietals displayed no signs of severing and it is likely that the calvarium cut was only partially completed. Fine cut marks (slip marks) were present on the superior portion of the L parietal and frontal bone there was no breakage point supporting the notion that this was not completed. There was no other obvious diseases or reasons for the autopsy to have been performed on this reasonably young woman. skinning marked appeared to be present on the ecto cranial aspect of the parietals and frontal bone.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2171|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2171|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2173|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 7-11 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2173|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 7-11 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2175|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|OOA of R humeroradial joint, eburnation on the medial posterior poriton and lipping on the humeral joint margins. the R prox ulna displayed marked lipping and olecraneon enthesopathies. The R humeral head diplayed lipping and plaque like formations of bone on the proximal head. Both acromioclavicular joints had dense pitting lipping and patchy eburnation. The L femur has marked enthsopathies on the greater trochantar possibly as a result of a rupture of gluteus minimus and medius. The L tibia displayed eburnation on the medial tubercle of the intercondylar eminence with osteophytic lipping present on both the medial and lateral condyles of the L femur and tibia. Both 1st mtphj of the feet had eburnation. The right on the central portion whilst the L one had a small patch of eburnation along the central inferior margin. enthesopathies were present on the r tarsals and the plantar posterior portion of the foot.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2175|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2175|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2175|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|one L rib had a well healed fracture 40mm anterior of the angle with swelling around the area of injury no pitting or overlap was present. Another rib had a bony protuberance situated vertically of the inferior margin present immidiately posterior of the sternal end.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2177|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2177|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2179|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2179|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2183|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital-Limb abnormality)|Left femur exhibited twisting of the shaft causing the disptal aspect to turn in a medial direction. This must have caused the individual to be knocked kneed. The right femur was fragmented and it was not possible to establish for certain wheter this had a similar condition. The pelvis was absent and it could not be observed whether this gait would have caused any changed to the hip joints. The knee joints were not affected.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2183|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|One rib had been severed immidiately anterior of the angle. Clear saw marked were noticed on the surface. None of the other rib diplayed any evidence of severing and it is possible that this rib was disarticulated and does not actually belong to this individual. The size and colour however matched the other ribs.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2183|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2183|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2185|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|OA present secondary to femoral fracture of R leg. small area of ebunration present by the fossa. Moderate marginal lipping present. No changes observed in the acetabulum on either side.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2185|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Trauma|Accidental|Compression fracture (vertebrae)|Compression fracture of L1 causing marked reduction of vertebral height. Extensive marginal lipping on the left side of the vertebral body. Fracture extending across the vertebral body in an anterior posterior direction on left half. Recation in T11-12 due to fracture but no changes in the lumbar section.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2185|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2185|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2185|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|R FEMUR: Poorly aligned fracture of the central shaft of the R femur. 50mm overlap of the proximal and distal portion of the bone, with the proximal portion anterior medial of the distal half at a slight angulation. The proximal and distal portion of the bones were lost post mortem. Fragment of femoral head present, displaying eburnation by the fossa.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2189|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2189|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2189|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Miscellaneous|Spondylolysis (bilateral)|of L5 inferior facets not present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2189|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|3 well healed fractured R ribs. two present on the angle of the rib towards the head. swelling present around injury. the other rib shows a fracture with slight overlapping towards the sternal end.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2191|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Skull malformation (general)|torticollis. Marked asymmetry of the occipital bone with L nuchal crest protruding more posterior than the R. The inion protuberance was situated right of the sagittal line. Bulgin of the parietal bone to the right was apparent.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2191|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Other|Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)|Right sided candlewax fusion on the right side of T8-11. the diskspace have remained and the facets remained unfused.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2191|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Interpersonal Violence|Sharp force trauma (edged implement) healed|Above R oribit. Running from the R orbital foramen at a lateral angle was an irregular groove, which appeared to have been caused by a sharp instrument. Healing had occured as the margins og the grooved were rounded and part union of the groove had occured.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2191|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Interpersonal Violence|Blunt force trauma (incl depressed cranial fracture) healed|Frontal bone above glabella (supraorbital ridge). Marked impression on the central portion of the frontal bone immidiately above the glabella, measuring 13x8 mm. the magins were smooth.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2191|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|Extreme porosity of all bones present. Pummice like texture to all bones. The R illium appeared to have a thinning and cupping.The multiple fractures may be related to this condition.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2191|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2191|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2191|MALE?|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|1 R Rib, L humerus, L MC1, L MT4&5, L Fibula. nasal(?). These fractures may be related to the poor condition of the skeletal, which exhibited marked porosity through out. 1 R rib was fractured at the angle; no other ribs displayed any sign of fractures. The L humeral head was fractured at the neck causing angulation of the neck to posterior and shortening of the shaft by 10mm. The joint exhibited very few changes considering the severity of the fracture. The L MC1 displayed marked shortening and widening with thickening of the shaft. The joint were not affected and the line could not be observed. Marked lipping was noted on the lateral margin of the prox. joint. The lateral portion of the mcph joint displayed a fine hair line fracture prob caused at the same time as the mc fracture. The central portion of the l fibula displayed porous swelling, appearing to be a healing fracture, and perhaps a reflection of the bones inability to repair. The l mt1 & 2 had swelling of the shaft and plantar concavity most likely caused by fractures of the central shaft.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2193|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Other (Congenital-Skull Malformation)|Possible congenital malformation of right maxillary region. The facial region was very asymmetrical. The lateral aspect of the L maxialla appeared more posterior with flaring of the posterior pregion The Nasal septuom was skewed to the left. The height of the R zygomatic and the width of the R ramus was greatly reduced, enhancing the appearance of lopsidedness| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2193|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Other Infection|Other (Infectious - Miscellaneous)|SKULL. Bony nodules were observed in the area of clivus and on the frontal crest of the skull. The Dorsum sellae displayed ragged plates of bone linking the petrous to the Dorsum sellae. this further appeared to have a prous surface. It is unclear what caused such a reaction but may be associated with an infection of the brain tissue such as falx cerebi or possibly the pons.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2193|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|Craniotomy. Fine saw marks were present on the posterior lateral aspect of the right parietal, suggesting that the cut had commenced here. The endo-cranial portion of the frontal bone displayed raised edges which were also the case in the area of the occipital protuberance suggesting that the area may have been chiselled after initial sawing. There was no obvious breakage point on the skull. Possible skinning marks were present running in a medio-lateral direction across both parietals. There was no other evidence of autopsy on the post cranial body.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2193|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital)|congenital fusion of the R 5th DIP| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2193|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Erosive Arthropathy|Gout|BILATERAL MT1: erosive lesions on the medial acpect on the heads of MT1. the lesions were not typically gout and have bee diagnosed by location. The appearance was scooped out hollow lesion situated on the medail margins but not affectiong the articulating joint. around the lesions were pitted bone and some osteophytic lipping. The proximal 1st phalges of the foot displayed a a propus pitted surface on the central aspect though this was not relected on the MT1.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2193|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2193|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2193|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|PIPE FACETS PRESENT ON L MAXIALLRY I2 AND C.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2193|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|L SCAPULA displayed a healed commuted fracture. It had been fractured from the upper third medial borderto the upper third aspect of the lateral border affecting the whole lower portion of the scapula.The healing caused a series of lareg fossae to form due to poor alignement of the fractured bone. NO infecion was noted and it did not appear to have afffected the use of the left arim or shoulder as no osteophytic lipping was present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2195|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Other (Trauma - Accidental)|POSSIBLE ROTATOR CUFF INJURY?? the right ulna displayed irreguar nodular bone growth around the margins of the head in the areas of infraspinatus, supraspinatus and teres minor as well as subscapularis. The glenoid cavity and the head of the humerus displayed marked lipping which may suggest unnatural or excessive strain to the joint. The L shoulder joint appeared unaffected.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2195|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Other|Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)|T7-T11 had right sided candlewax fusion. The intervertebral disc space and the articulating facets were unaffected. lipping was present as were smorls node's in the surrounding vertebrae. The spinal tubercles of the sacral canal were very pronounced and forned a convex protrusion to distal.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2195|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|The midail border of the distal articualtion of the R MC1 displayed an irregular bony protuberance which appeared to be consistent with the rupture of soft tissue, flexor pollicis brevis tendons.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2195|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2195|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2195|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|EXCESSIVE WEAR TO FRONT CENTRAL INCISORS| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2195|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Nasal fracture causing multiple fracture of the inferior portion of the nasal bone. Both the R & L nasal bone were affected where the healing caused an irregular plaque like appearance. The nasal septum likewise appeared to have fractured with a bony protuberance underlying the irregular healings of the nasal bones. The R nasal bone did not reunite with the maxilla after the injury. The ribs displayed multiple fractures on both the left and right side. To the right 5 ribs were fractured on the central portion of the shaft. To the left two lower ribs had healed fractures also on the central shaft. The right ribs were well healed but had bony protuberances radiating from the area of injury. To the L the fractures displayed better healing with a smooth surface. Both sides displayed bony swelling around the area of injury.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2197|UNSEXED CHILD|UNCLASSIFIED SUB-ADULT|Infectious|Specific Infection|Tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis/bovis)|possible TB???: Two thoracic vertebrae displayed destructive lesions on the body one appeared to have scooped out lesions along the posterior margin. It is however possible that these lesions could be due to post mortem damage and the scooped out lesion would be the remains of the vascular channel. The main reason for considering TB were the marked porosity noted on the inferior aspect of the rib heads. The preserved sternal ends were further porous with scooped out lesions destroying the intergrity of the bone. These lesions may be indicative of a chest infection??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2197|UNSEXED CHILD|UNCLASSIFIED SUB-ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2197|UNSEXED CHILD|UNCLASSIFIED SUB-ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2199|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|(cont from neoplasm) The 3rd and 4th thoracic vertebrae had rounded lytic lesions present on the inferior facets (5-6mm in diam). None of the other vertebrae appeared affected. The sacroiliac joints of the pelvis likewise exhibited bilateral lesions on the inferior aspect of the joint. Again the lesions were rounded though slightly larger at 10mm in diameter. On the L side further destructive lesions were present along the superior portion of the auricular surface, but not actually affecting the joint surface itself. This lesion was more disorganised and did not have the rounded well defined appearance of the other lesions. Finally new bone growth was present of the posterior distal portion of the L femur as a fine diffuse layer of new bone overlying the original cortex. All lesions described had non-sclerotic margins and the new bone was fine woven bone overlying the original cortex and was still active at the time of death. Possible breast cancer was selected on the grounds of the presence of both osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity. The lesions were bilateral but somewhat diffuse in distribution.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2199|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Neoplastic|Neoplastic General|Other (unclassified)|Possible breast cancer? The changes occurred bilaterally as a Combination of osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity. The manubrium had a fine (8mm diam.) single lytic lesions with non-sclerotic margins on the most lateral aspect of the joint surfaces. The R clavicle had fine new fluffy bone on the metaphyses surrounding the sternal joint. A possible larger lesion was present on the actual joint surface (15.8mm diam). On the acromial joint surface of the clavicle was a lytic lesion (8mm in diam). Both lesions were on the posterior aspect of the joint. The L clavicle had one rounded lesion (7mm in diam.) on the sternal articulation. The acromial end was damaged post mortem but did display new fluffy bone of the metaphysis. The R scapula had one small lesion (8mm daim) present along the inferior angle. The L scapula had lesions on the anterior aspect of the acromion these were irregular in shape and appeared to be a series of conjoined rounded lesions with osteoblastic activity on the central aspect of these lesions. On the anterior aspect of the inferior angle was a patch of new reactive finely woven bone (10x10mm) with a possible lytic lesion inferior of this (7mm) (cont gen path)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2199|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2199|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2201|FEMALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2201|FEMALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2201|FEMALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|pipe facet present on R upper canine| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2201|FEMALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Well healed nasal fracture along the inferior border of the right nasal bone running diagonally towards nasal suture. upper central incisors missing antemortem.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2203|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2203|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2205|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|SINUSITIS small nodular bone growth present on the lateral inner wall of the right maxillary sinus (max 1mm across)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2205|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2205|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2205|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|R HUMERUS, R TIBIA: Spiral or oblique fracture on mid portion of the central shaft of the right humerus causing the distal half of the bone to angulate in a medial direction. To lateral the bone displayed marked grooving spiralling up the shaft. The injury was well healed and with no sign of infection though it had been poorly reduced. The R tibia displayed a very well healed fracture of the distal lateral potion of the shaft. The fracture appeared as only as a slight swelling on the lateral portion of the shaft and displayed a slight medial angulation of the distal end. This did not appear to have affected the gait of the individual as minimal lipping was present on the anterior portion of the right calcaneum. It is however apparent that the weight may have shifted onto the left leg as the calcaneum of this side had a large osteophyte on the anterolateral portion.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2207|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2207|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2207|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Miscellaneous|Spondylolysis (unilateral L)|Spondylolisis. Right side damaged and therefore not able to establish whether the condition was bilateral or unilateral. Separation of neural arch from the body bellow the superior facet.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2209|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|R distal fibula medial and anterior aspect had a healed perisoteal reaction in form of marked longitundenal striae and nodular bone growth.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2209|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Eburnation present bilaterally on the humroradial joint. Marked lipping was present on both ulnae but no eburnation. Osteophytes present in the olecraneon fossae and coronoid fossae perhaps due to exteme flexion of the joints. OA present on the medial margin of the 1st L CMCJ and R 5th CMCJ. Further eburnation was present on the R acromioclavcular joint most likely secondary to the rotator cuff disease.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2209|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Other|Rotator cuff disease|Pronounced depression and nodular bone growth on the anterior aspect of the head of the humerus in the area of subscapularis as well as marked ridge in area of pectoralis major. The subscapularis has the function of medially rotating the arm and stabalises the glenohumeral joint.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2209|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2209|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2212|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2212|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2214|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|FEMURS, TIBIAE: Distal posterior in areas of plantaris and gastrocnemius display isolated perisoteal porous bone growth overlying the original cortex. further periosteal reactionon the medial portion of the tibal shafts though here the reaction was sclerotic and looked well healed.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2214|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2214|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2216|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Bilateral Tibiae; Both tibiae displayed longintudenal striae on the medial central portion of the shafts. The infection appear to have healed prior to death as no active bone growth or pitting was present and the striae were incoorporated into the original cortex. Lower L rib exhibited a dense area of new bone growth running in a mediolateral direction along the shaft of one lower L rib on the outer surface.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2216|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|L MT1 MTPH joint. Eburnation present on the central plantar aspect of the distal joint of MT1. Only slight lipping present and no pitting.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2216|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|Small bony outgrowth present on distal medial epicondyle of the L femur in area of gastrocnemius. The bony proturded in a medial direction as a small flattened plate measuring 11x10mm| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2216|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2216|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2216|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|2 well healed fractures on two lower right left ribs immidiately anterior of the head. Swelling present around the area of trauma. No pitting was present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2218|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Active rickets? Anterior bowing of femurs, pronounced on the upper 1/3 of the shaft. the distal end of the R tiba has a slight velvet apperance, which also appears to be present on the distal L femur. the angulation normally present in the distal tibiae were however not particularly pronounced. the growth plate were velvety in apperance. sternal rib ends not present for observation.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2218|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2218|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2220|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2220|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2223|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2223|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2224|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2224|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 12-17 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2228|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2228|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2231|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2231|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2233|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Other (Infectious - Non-specific infection)|Swelling present bilaterally on the posterior portion of the maxillary bones. Porous woven bone present on the outer cortex, swelling in a posterior direction. The bone appeared pitted and porous and was probabaly active at death. It is possible these infection are associated with dental infection or infection in the maxillary sinusus?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2233|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|Possible osteoporosis? Trabecular structure of sectioned L4 was very porous. the vertebrae further displayed slight reduction in anterior height by T4-6 with slight kyphosis of the spine. The spinous processes on T4-6 had inferior bony spicules extending downwards. It is possible this was related to a congenital disorder or may be associated with the onset of osteoporosis.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2233|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2233|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2236|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2236|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2237|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|small flat (10mm wide) bony protuberance present on the distal posterior aspect of the L femur, situated along the linear aspera, protruding 7mm out in the area of the short head of bicepts. No evidence of infection the bony prtuberance and surrounding area was smooth and unaffected.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2237|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2237|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2239|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2239|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2241|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2241|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2243|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2243|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2243|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|See "unhealed fractures"| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2243|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Unhealed fracture (atrophic non-union)|3 R RIBS. Partially healed fractures on angle of 2 central and 1 upper rib. Appears to be two incidents as the upper rib was well healed where as the lower ribs were only partially healed with swelling and porous bone surrounding the injury on one rib the healing had taken place on the visceral surface where as the injury was unhealed on the anterior surface.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2245|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2245|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2247|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Metabolic|Vitamin C Deficiency|Scurvy|Marked porotic hyperostosis on both the ectocranial and endocranial portion of the parietals. Outgrowth of the trabecular on the lateral aspects of the orbital roofs. Porosity marked in the paletal area of the maxilla and by the nurtrient foramina of the mandible (though the area was damaged postmortem obscuring the view). Porous bone present on the inferior portion of the sphenoid body. On the postcranial body the spine of the scapula exhibited marked superior porosity. None of the long bones or ribs appeared affected on the shaft. The diaphyse of the femora appeared to have a velvety prorous texture.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2247|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|5| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2247|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|5| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2249|FEMALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|PROX MC1, R GLENOID CAVITY. eburnation and lipping present on the CMCJ of the MC1 on the L hand along the palmar border. Further very sligh eburnation present on the right glenoid cavity of the scapula situated proximal posterior.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2249|FEMALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|hematoma? on the central lateral portion of the shaft. An oval 23mm long & 10mm wide smooth clearly demarkated area of subperiosteal bone growth. there is no pitting or porous bone associated with the bony protuberance and is most likely a healed injury.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2249|FEMALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2249|FEMALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2251|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2251|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2253|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Other (Miscellaneous)|CYST?: On left maxillary paletal bone. rounded/oval perforation with sclerotic bevelled margins penetration from the outer bone. measuring ~10x6mm. The surrounding bone did not appear to be affected though one bony spicule was present along the posterior margin.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2253|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|smooth dense perisoteal reactioned present on the distal anterior and mesial margin of the L fibula. the sclerotic bone overlay the original cortex and was unlikely to be active at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2253|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Distal articulation of L ulna displayed eburnation, pitting and lipping on the anterior inferior rim of the joint.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2253|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Erosive Arthropathy|Gout|On the R ulna the styloid process dispayed erosive lesions on the apex and a scooped out lesion in the area of attachement for the articualr disc. On the L MT1 the distal lateral margin displayed a multiple smaller scooped out lytic lesions. these had affected the very margin of the actual articulating facet. marginal lipping was present to mesial of the head.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2253|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2253|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2253|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|NASAL: fracture of nasal bones causing the nose to be asymmetrical and skewed to the right. The fracture was very well healed and do not appear to have been a multiple fracture of the nasal bones.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2255|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Surgical Intervention|Other (Trauma - Surgical Intervention)|Craniotomy. Calvarium cut performed extending all around the skull cap. Saw marks present along the borders of the cut. One raised edge on the endocranial portion was present along the L temporal bone. The breakage spurs were situated on the frontal bone.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2255|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Neoplastic|Neoplastic General|Other (Metabolic - Neoplastic General)|The area of clivus below dorsum sellae on the sphenoid bone displayed extensive fine erosive pitting. Exposure of the diploe on the endocranial surface was present on the frontal bone anterior of the orbital roofs. Finally on the central portion of one L central rib was a group of isolated rounded lytic lesions penetrating the rib. though very defined and rounded the margins were sharp with no evidenc of repair. The lesions on the rib were very localised and affected one rib only??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2255|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|non-specific infection on the visceral surface on 3 central r ribs. Infection was situated on the head as a layer of fine prorotic growth overlying the original cortex and appeared active at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2255|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2255|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2255|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|"NODULAR CALCULUS WAS PRESENT THE RIGHT UPPER AND LOWER DENTITION TO BUCCAL, SUGGESTING DISUSE OF THE RIGHT SIDE. THIS COULD HAVE BEEN CAUSED BY FACIAL PARALYSIS?? THE MANDIBLE DISPLAYED DJD ON THE L TEMPORAMANDIBULAR JOINT ONLY SUGGESTING UNEVEN UNILATERAL HEAVY USE OF THIS JOINT. PERHAPS SUPPORTING THE SUGGESTION OF PARALYSIS. THE MANDIBULAR TORI WERE WELL DEVELOPED FORMING TWO DESTINCT PLATFORMS ON THE MANDIBLE BY THE PERMOLARS AND 1ST MOLAR."| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2259|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Possible abnormal porosity on the endo cranial portion of the L frontal bone, diplaying a dense area of porous bone with multiple pitting. the maxilla and the mandible likewaise to have extensive poposity. the L mandible on the anterior portion around the mental foramen and on the R maxilla along the frontal process.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2259|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2259|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2261|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|2 (Scattered fine foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2261|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|2 (Scattered fine foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2263|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Circulatory|Other|Other (Circulatory)|Bilateral 3rd metatarsal pitting present on the plantar border of the proximal joint surface.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2263|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Skull malformation (general)|Torticollis Occipital. Marked asymmetry of the occipital and parietal bone causing flattening of the right side of the skull . The Eye orbits were very "droopy" with a hight of 45 mm but a width of only 39mm. The R zygomatic and maxillar portion of the face was more inferior that the right side.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2263|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Scoliosis|Sligtht scoliosis due to right lateral reduction of the T5. very limited degenerative changes were present due to the assymetry with only slight periosteal lipping.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2263|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Fine periosteal pitting on the anterior surface of the R clavicle situated on the acromioclavicular half. The reaction did not appear active at the time of death with no propus overlying bone.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2263|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2263|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2263|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|MILD PIPEFACET PRESENT L MAND I2 ANGULAR GROOVE PRESENT ON MAND. P3&P4, RUNNING DIAGONALLY BUCCOMESIAL TO DISTOLINGUAL. POSSIBLE GROOVING FOR TOOTHPICK OR NEEDLE HELD IN DENTITION.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2263|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Nasal fracture causing the nsasl bone to shift in a right lateral direction. lower portion of nasal bone displayed most anterior portion. Well healed| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2269|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|Marked enthsopathies on the olcraneon of both ulnae.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2269|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Eburnation was present on the distal joint of the R ulna on the inferior aspect. Further eburnation present| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2269|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|The R acromioclavicular joint of the clavical was damaged post mortem but there was some indication of trauma. When compared to the left side the joint was widened and displayed marginal lipping. Os acrmiale was present on the R clavicle and it was therefore not possible to make observations on this joint. It is possible that the trauma and the os acromiale were associated. Further soft tissue damage was present on the L 1st hand phalange. The distal end showed damage to the cortex with spicular bone growth . The trauma had occured deep into the cortex but had healed. Slight ebunration was present on the superior border of the joint. The L femur had evidence of soft tissue injuries in two area. the first on the proximal shaft posterior of the lesser trochantar in area of vastus lateralis. The second area affected was the medial epicondyle in the area of the tibial collateral ligament or sartorius, used in rotation of the knee joint. The tibiae were not present and it was therefore not possible to note if these had been affected. the L patella had marked enthesopathies along the anterior aspect.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2269|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Interpersonal Violence|Other|A hairline fracture was present on the 1st MCPJ surface of the L hand. this ran diagonally from medial to lateral. This bone also had a soft tissue injury, described above.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2269|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2269|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2269|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|A total of 6 rib fractures were noted. 1 lower R and 5 central L. All were well healed thought the aligment was poor and had caused some deformation. All ribs had deep depressions in the area of the levator costae, which raises ribs; extends, laterally flexes and rotates the vertebral column (Stone & stone 2003, 86). The veretbrae were heavily affected with osteophytic lipping in the cervical, lower thoracic and upper lumbar region.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2272|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|Large masseter muscle attachments. Pitting and prominent appearance of the external occipital protuberance may indicate a marked attachement for the trapezius.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2272|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|2| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2272|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|2| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2274|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific osteitis|The femora, tibiae and fibulae displayed extensive remodelling of the shafts. There was no involvement of the joints. The femora were the least affected with moderate swelling of the distal 1/3 of the shaft to posterior. Sclerotic bone was overlain by small areas of woven bon. On the tibiae a similar pattern was present but on the central shaft with a circumferential swelling thickest on the central shaft continuing to the distal shaft. The fibulae likewise displayed swelling but here the bony formations were sclerotic bone overlain by spicular ragged bone growth circumferentially on the proximal and central shaft. There were no cloacae and no active periosteal reaction on any of the affected long bones. It is possible that the infection was caused by a treponomal infection or possible an infection from an open wound on the r central portion of the tibiae where a bony plate was present on the anterior central shaft (possible soft tissue injury (see [426]).| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2274|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Specific Infection|Treponematosis (Treponema sp.)|DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS (SEE NON SPECIFIC OSTEOITIS)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2274|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|Smooth bony plate present on the anterior mid shaft of the R tibia. The bone had extensive infection but the reaction appeared to be associated with a soft tissue injury in the area of tibialis anterior situated along the anterior border. The area of injury measured 35mm M-L by 65mm P-D.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2274|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|Possible residual rickets. Anterior beding of the proximal mid femoral shafts as well as lateral bending of the tibiae, most pronounced on the L. The infection , however, obscures the true extent of the bowing and it is possible that the bowing is associate with the infection rather than rickets?| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2274|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2274|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2276|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Other (Trauma - Accidental)|Possible intraarticular fracture of the R distal radius. The distal portion appeared to flare to anterior though this may be due to the osteophytic activity. The joint displayed dense ridges of bony buildup beween the surfaces for the scaphoid and lunate surfaces and along the margins.The carpales were not present and it was not possible to assess whether this may have been caused by fractures or strain in the wrist area.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2276|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Eburnation was present on the distal articulation of the L ulna on the lateral border articulating with the radius. The radius was not preserved. Above the L humeroradial articulation was an area of osteophytes in the area of the common extensor origin. Whilst the L radial head appeared abnormally concave this may have been due to postmortem damage.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2276|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Other|Ankylosis|Complete fusion of left sacroiliac joint. bony bridge present on the anteriosuperior border. It was not possible to confirm whether this was unilateral or bilateral as the right side had postmortem damage. On the superior poriton of the spinous process of L4, probabaly due to compression of the spinous process in the lumbar vertebrae.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2276|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2276|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2276|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Oblique Fracture of proximal shaft on L fibula inferior of the head. The fracture was well healed and well reduced, with only slight overlap to mesial. Osteophytic lipping on the proximal anterior border of the head. One well healed rib fracture present on a left rib fragment. this was fully healed with mild swelling around the area of injury. the skeleton displayed a number of fractures to the ribs (2 events? healed and unhealed) as well as a fracture to the l fibula and possibly to the wrist.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2276|INTERMEDIATE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Unhealed fracture (hypertrophic non-union)|At least two lower ribs displayed unhealed fractures, some repair had taken place with bony porous build up around the area of injury though complete non union remained.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2278|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Metabolic|Vitamin C Deficiency|Scurvy|Scurvy: Skull exhibit porotic extra cortical bone growth on the ecto cranial surface of the parietal bones along the superior temporal line and on the endocranial portion in the area of the internal occipital protuberance. The maxilla displayed abnormal pitting and a thin layer of extra cortical bone around the intra orbital foramen and along the palatine area on both the inferior and superior surface. The greater sphenoid wings exhibited an abnormal amount of pitting around the foramen ovale. On the post cranial skeleton the supraspinous fossae do not exhibit any of the typical changes of scurvy. The ribs displayed mild swelling to the sternal ends. The only long bones preserved were the fibulae which did not show any changes.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2278|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|5 (Outgrowth in trabecular form from the outer table surface)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2278|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-6 MONTHS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|5 (Outgrowth in trabecular form from the outer table surface)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2281|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Metabolic|Vitamin C Deficiency|Scurvy|Possible scurvy: fine penetrating pitting present around the foramen ovale of both sphenoid wings posterior view. On the maxillary portion between the infra-orbital foramen and the nasal cavity extensive abnormal pitting is present extending to the palette and the superior portion of the palatine area. The mandible exhibited vertical pitting around the area of the mandibular foramen. Porosity also appeared to be present on the anterior portion of the mandible on the scapulae area of the supraspinous fossa was fine petting extending in a posterior direction, though it is not entirely clear whether this could be considered abnormal. A fine layer of porous bone appears to be present on all long bones and iliae, most dominant on the tibiae and the posterior portion of the iliae. Possible swelling present on the distal radii and the sternal rib ends??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2281|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2281|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2284|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Other (Trauma - Accidental)|The 5th MCPJ of the right hand displayed deformation. The head was irregular with mild pitting, perhaps indicating a healed trauma?? The phalanges did not exhibit any changes which is perhaps surprising given the extent of the damage incurred on the head of MC5.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2284|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Bilateral Severe OA of the femoropaterllar joint surface. Eburantion with overlying dense pitting and lipping was present in both joints. The right side was the most severely affected with marked vertical grooving in 2 parallel lines. The L side did not exhibit the same grooving but displayed marked pitting and eburnation of the entire joint surface. The femorotibial joints displayed lipping but no eburnation or pitting. The hip and ankle joints were not affected.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2284|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|possible osteoporosis??? The joint facets of the L distal radius were preserved but not the shaft. It was however evident that some dislocation had taken place damaging the radioulnar joint. this was not reflected in the ulna. It is possible that the cause of severe changes on the joint surface was caused by a fracture. The skeleton was very light and friable despite otherwise excellent preservation. Some moderate reduction of vertebral body height had caused mild kyphosis of the spine. The ribs were very arched and friable with pronounced inferior ridges. the vertebrae were very light though it was not possible to observe the trabecular structure.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2284|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2284|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2286|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|2 (Scattered fine foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2286|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|2 (Scattered fine foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2288|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Bilateral sinusitis. the endocranial portion of the zygomatics displayed small nodules of smooth plaquelike bone formation.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2288|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Marked asymmetrical wear of the left temporalmandibular joint displaying complete destruction of the actual joint surface and extensive pitting.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2288|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2288|INTERMEDIATE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2296|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|"T7-11 SOME REDUCTION IN ANTERIOR VERTEBRAL HEIGHT WAS APPARENT THOUGH NOT DUE TO FRACTURES BUT MORE LIKELY LOAD PRESSURE SUPPORTED BY THE PRESENCE OF SCHMORL'S NODES AND RIGHTSIDED OSTEOPHYTIC LIPPING."| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2296|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Other (Congenital-Skull Malformation)|TORTICOLLIS: severe distortion of occipital bone with marked flattening on the right portion and bulging on the left portion of the occipital. L occipital condyle displayed osteophytic lipping whilst the right side was normal.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2296|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2296|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2296|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|3 fragments of rib diplayed evidence of healed rib fractures. these were all well healed with moderate swelling around the area of injury. All appeared to be situated on the central portion of the shaft. one was right the other 2 fragments could not be sided.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2298|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2298|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2302|MALE?|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Small defined raised Bony nodules present on the anterior portion of the vertebral bodies of T7-10 and L2-3. with a diameter og 5-15mm.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2302|MALE?|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|RESIDUAL RICKETS: Anterior bowing of R proximal protion of shaft. No other present limbs appear affected.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2302|MALE?|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2302|MALE?|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2302|MALE?|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Porotic hyperostosis|On the frontal bone on the ectocranial portion of the skull was a large area of fine pitted periosteal bone possible caused by heamoraging ??| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2302|MALE?|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Multiple rib fractures. A total of 14 healed rib fractures were identified, 8 of which were situated immidiately anterior of the angle. 4 ribs displayed more than 1 fracture and one lower rib had 3 in total. All fractures were healed though on 7 Ribs pitting was still present on the swelling, which indicated that these were one event and probably more resent than the other fractures.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2304|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Eburnation present on the MCPJ of the mc1 & mc4 along the lateral border. the mc's appear nodular. the joint of MC1was very flattened.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2304|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2304|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2304|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|It is not unlikely that a very well healed bennett's fracture was present on the L MC1, thuoght this is then very well healed, running at an angle from medial towards the lateral portion of the prox articulation. no sign of the possible injury on the actual joint surface.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2308|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2308|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2308|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Fracture of R elbow. The radius displayed a Y-shaped hairline fracture of the proximal epiphysis, the hairline fracture continuing down the epiphysis articulating with the ulna. The olecraneon of the right ulna appear to have been fractures diagonally running from medial to lateral at a downward angle , this caused disruption to the articulating surface, extending the head of the ulna by ~5mm. Both fractures were well healed and did not cause any build up of OA and no infection was present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2313|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|OA present in multiple joint. Bilaterally on the acromioclavicular joint surface. The CMC joint of the L MC1 on the palmar border. Bilaterally on the medial aspect of the femoratibial joint surfaces along the medial border of the joint.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2313|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|1| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2313|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|1| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2313|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|POSSIBLE PIPE FACET ON RI1 MAX. MAND C| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2314|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Rickets|RESIDUAL RICKETS: both tibiae exhibited marked bowing in a lateral direction, causing the anterior spine to appear concave laterally. None of the other limb bones appear affected.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2314|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2314|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2318|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2318|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT 18-25 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2332|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|General comments|General pathology comments|(cont from trpanematosis) The femora displayed no changes whilst the L patella had marginal lipping which had reacted in a similar manner as in the upper torso. The marginal reaction was made up of fine spicules and nodules. The tibiae displayed bilateral midshaft thickening most prominent to anterior and mesial. There were no clocae or gummatose lesions why the trepomal diagnosis is very tentative. The diagnosis of treponomal disease was selected due to the distribution of the bony reactions. The nature of the reactions, however, was inconsistent with those of trepanematosis. The bony swelling on the tibiae could simply be associated with chronic periositis as no gummatose lesions were noted .| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2332|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Specific Infection|Treponematosis (Treponema sp.)|Fine small rounded lesions on the frontal bone affected the very outer cortex of the ectocranial. The Lesions may be post-mortem as they did not display sclerotic margins, measuring 2-5mm in diameter. The upper torso displayed bilateral reactions around the glenoid cavities, elbows and wrists. The nature of these reactions was not typical treponomal and did not display swelling or plaque like bone (Ortner 2003), though the distribution is consistent with those noted in tertiary syphilis. The bony reactions were consistent and were short bony nodules and spicules situated around the joint margins on the Glenoid cavity, distal humerus, proximal radius and ulna and to a milder degree on the distal humeri and ulnae. The most affected area was the neck of the radius, immediately below the head. A similar reaction was present on the right anterior portion of the atlas running along both the superior and inferior margins of the anterior bone. The pelvis displayed extra bony nodular reaction in the area of the sartorius and inguinal ligament.(cont gen path)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2332|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2332|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|1 (Capillary like impressions on the bone)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2340|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Both medial maleolie of Tibiae had a dense layer of stiated perisoteal bone growth present overlying the original cortex. small foci were persent in the new periosteal bone giving it a porous apperance and was active at the time of death. On the R calcaneum plantar aspect was a dense layer of disorganised new bone growth on the central portion with porous pitted areas on the surface . Further periosteal bone growth was noted on the visceral surface of at leat one rib. this was fine proous bone overlying the cortex. all infectiones appeared active at the time of death.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2340|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2340|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2342|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|TIBIAE: Both tibiae exhibited smooth sclerotic extra cortical bone growth on the proximal posterior portion of the shaft around the nutrient foramen. Some swelling was apparent causing the shaft to have a convex surface around the foramen. On the L tibia slight pitting was present in the groove leading to the foramen, a similar fine pitting was noted on posterior distal portion of the R tibia. On the proximal anterior portion large pitting was present on the medial portion and on the lateral portion sheets of remodelled sclerotic bone is apparent. The variation of different appearance on the bone suggests that at least one phase of the infection was active at the time of death, though other bone appear remodelled and healed. The fibulae both exhibited fine pitted active bone. The femora likewise exhibited diffuse patterns of pitted and sclerotic bone and possibly some moderate swelling mainly on the posterior medial portion of the shaft."| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2342|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2342|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2353|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2353|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|3 (Large and small isolated foramina)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2356|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Unilateral Left sided OA of the hip joint. Smooth eburnation present on the acetabulum and the entire surface of the femoral head. The acetabulum and femoral head further displayed lipping along the margins of the joint and pitting on the eburnated surface.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2356|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2356|MALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2366|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2366|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0 (No cribra present)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2366|MALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|7 right ribs fractuered. 1 upper rib had 4 fractuers fron angle to sternal portion. 6 ribs had healed fractures situsted at the angle, one with two fractures at angle, all central ribs.2 Left ribs had healed fractures immidiately anterior of the angle on the body.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2374|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2374|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2378|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2378|MALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2383|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|bilateral periosteal infection of the distal tibiae and the L distal radius. Both tibiae displayed active perisoteal reaction in form os striae along the distal 1/3 of the shaft to mesial. this was a porous pitted layer overlying the original cortex. On the distal radius infection was present on the distal posterior portion, this may have been caused by a very well healed fractoure as there was an apparent swelling and irregularity to the distal portion.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2383|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|Soft tissue injury/fracture to the right clavicle (acromion end). the rupture appear to have occured of the deltoid, and caused nodular outgrowth and an irregular articualting surface.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2383|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Pathological fracture|The L distal radius may have a very well healed colle's fracture. Infection was present to posterior and the bone appeared more irregular and swollen than the R.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2383|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|Possible Osteoporosis based on the presence of a possible Colle's fracture of the L radius (see 426) and peculiar organisation of the trabecular in the L3 & 4| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2383|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2383|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9 (Unobservable)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0|CRYPT|1770|1849|2383|FEMALE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Healed fracture|Multiple rib fractures. A total of 9 fractures on the R central ribs situated towards the sternal end. 3 ribs displayed more than one fracture (1had 3). On the L side 4 fractures were present two on one rib. All fractures were wel healed and could possibly represent one event.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1055.1|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|Non-specific infection of the R acromion. Macro porosity present on the sueperior surface and swelling with macro porosity of the interior atnerior aspect.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1055.1|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1055.1|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1141.1|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1141.1|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1244.1|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Eburnation present on the humroradial joint. this may have been caused by a rupute of the capsule of the elbow joint as layers of new bone was seen immidaitely posteriorlateral of the coronoid fossa and on the medial aspect of the olecraneon fossa.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1244.1|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1244.1|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1244.1|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental| the mandibular dentition appeared crowded to anterior. impaction had occured of the R M3 . More extensive wear to the L dentition prob caused by large carious lesions present on the R maxiallry P5 and M1. Build up of calculus was presnet on the R mandibular M1-M2, this build up may be a result of restricted mastication on the right side due to the carious lesions.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1336.1|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1336.1|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1362.1|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1362.1|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT 1-5 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1441.1|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1441.1|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1441.1|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|overbite, marked anterior wear on mandibular anterior dentition| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1541.1|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1541.1|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1779.1|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Congenital|Spinal Disorders|Other (Congenital-Spinal Disorders)|malformation of joint facets between T11-12. facets on left side displayed a 90 degree angle whilst the right side was flat. . L2-3 displayed an enlarged facet on the right side suggesting some malalignment of the spine. The vertebral bodies did not appear to be affected apart from signs of early fusion on the left lateral apsect between T11-12.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1779.1|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Small area of eburnation present of the femoropataller joint along the lateral margin. osteephytic lipping present also along the lateral margin.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1779.1|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1779.1|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1813.1|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1813.1|UNSEXED CHILD|SUB-ADULT PERINATAL|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1870.1|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|New woven bone present on the visceral surface of some rib fragment. this may be a lung infection though it could be associated with the poor bone remodelling due to osteomalacia.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1870.1|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Trauma|Accidental|Pathological fracture|CLAVICLE, SCAPULA, ULNA AND RIBS see desctription under osteomalacia| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1870.1|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Metabolic|Vitamin D Deficiency|Osteomalacia|Very fragmented skeleton, porous in texture and multiple poorly healed or unhealed fractures. R arm and ribs preserved. R clavicle fractured with w 25mm overlap. The bone around the trauma was poorly remodelled, pitted and porous. Hairline fracture present in a transverse direction across the neck of the acromion. The lateral border of the scapula displayed multiple poorly healed fractures which has caused to bone to fold and deform via gross overlapping.The R ulna displayed a well healed fracture on the distal potion of the shaft where slight swelling and new bone formation was noted. .The ribs were very fragmented and displayed multiple healed and unhealed fractures. The single spinal process present did not display any fracture lines, but did have a similar porous texture as the other skeletal elements.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1870.1|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1870.1|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1883.1|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Limb Abnormality|Other (Congenital-Limb abnormality)|Possible congenital malformation of the L leg. The femoral head had a marked concave area on the superior aspect. This appear to have affected the joint, as the infeiror margin of the acetabulum displayed extensive lipping and pitting. The tibia dispalyed marked lateral bowing particularly on the proximal shaft. This may have been caused by continued unnatural gait.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1883.1|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Joints|Osteoarthritis|Osteoarthritis|Small area of eburnation present on the R humeroulnar joint along the superior lateral margin of the ulna and the posteror lateral aspect of the humerus. Slight grooving present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1883.1|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1883.1|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1936.1|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1936.1|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1997.1|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|1997.1|UNDETERMINABLE|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2009.1|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2009.1|FEMALE|ADULT 26-35 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2053.1|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2053.1|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2059.1|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2059.1|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2083.1|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2083.1|UNDETERMINABLE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2245.1|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Trauma|Accidental|Pathological fracture|RIBS and R CLAVICLE See osteoporosis| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2245.1|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Metabolic|General|Osteoporosis|Skeleton very light and had multiple fractures, though no traditional colle's fractures. The right clavicle had a well healed fracture on the central shaft, minimal overlap of around 10mm had occured causing come malalignment of the bone. Further multiple rib fractures of the ribs were present. On the left side 4 of the 8 ribs present had healed fractures to posterior (immidiately anterior of the head) causing two of the ribs to fuse via a bony bridge. On the right side was one possible fracture out of 11 ribs likewise situated anterior of the head. the body of the illium was very thin but not deformed. Both femoral heads were damaged and it was not possible to establish whether any femoral neck fractures were present.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2245.1|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2245.1|FEMALE|ADULT >46 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2284.1|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Congenital|Skull Malformation|Craniofacial abnormality|mild unilateral concha bulbosa (L concha)| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2284.1|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2284.1|MALE?|ADULT 36-45 YEARS|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2300.1|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Joints|Other|Other (Joints - Miscellaneous)|extensive new bone formation on R talus and MT2 though no ebuernation present. No other bones from this foot were present but the compelete absence of the same bone formation on the L foot suggest that these changes may have been trauma related.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2300.1|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Infectious|Non-Specific Infection|Non-specific periostitis|New smooth bone on the anterior portion of the rib shaft of one of the "false" ribs. the surface was smooth and appeared completely healed.| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2300.1|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Trauma|Accidental|Soft tissue trauma (ossified haematoma/myostitis ossificans)|soft tissue injury, rupture of latissimus dorsi , resulting in a 15mm superior bony protuberance near the sternal rib end on one rib fragment| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2300.1|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2300.1|MALE|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|9| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2300.2|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia left|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2300.2|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Blood Disorders|Cribra orbitalia right|0| Post-Medieval-St. Brides Lower|FAO90|0||1770|1849|2300.2|MALE?|UNCLASSIFIED ADULT|Other|Miscellaneous|Dental|Pipe facet present on the L maxillary canine.|